Does Grammatical Number Influence the Semantic Priming Between Number Cues and Words Related to Vertical Space? An Investigation Using Virtual Reality
The GES framework postulates a hierarchical order between grounded, embodied, and situated representations. Against this background, the present study investigated the relation of two effects: (i) a semantic priming between number cues and words with referents up or down in the world according to th...
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doaj-d905aa1afed5402493b57869a77f1ee72020-11-24T20:59:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782018-04-01910.3389/fpsyg.2018.00573344327Does Grammatical Number Influence the Semantic Priming Between Number Cues and Words Related to Vertical Space? An Investigation Using Virtual RealityMartin Lachmair0Susana Ruiz Fernandez1Susana Ruiz Fernandez2Susana Ruiz Fernandez3Peter Gerjets4Peter Gerjets5Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tuebingen, GermanyLeibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tuebingen, GermanyLEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, GermanyFOM-Hochschule fuer Oekonomie und Management, Essen, GermanyLeibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tuebingen, GermanyLEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, GermanyThe GES framework postulates a hierarchical order between grounded, embodied, and situated representations. Against this background, the present study investigated the relation of two effects: (i) a semantic priming between number cues and words with referents up or down in the world according to the number's magnitude which is supposed to be grounded (cf. Lachmair et al., 2014) and (ii) the compatibility between number cues and the grammatical word form of the words according to the number's multitude which is supposed to be embodied (cf. Roettger and Domahs, 2015). In two experiments words referring to objects up or down in the world and spatially neutral words were presented subsequent to the numbers “1” and “9.” In Experiment 1 words were presented in singular word form and in Experiment 2 in plural word form. For the first time, Virtual Reality was used in such an experimental setup in order to reduce spatial predispositions of participants and to provide a homogeneous experimental environment for replication purposes. According to GES it was expected that the spatial semantic priming should occur in both grammatical word forms. However, the compatibility with grammatical number should only occur for the plural word form due to its markedness. The results of Experiment 1 support the spatial-semantic-priming-hypothesis but not the grammatical-number-hypothesis. The results of Experiment 2 supported only the grammatical-number-hypothesis. It is argued that the grounded spatial effect of Experiment 1 was not affected by grammatical number. However, in Experiment 2 this effect vanished due to an activated embodied reference frame according to grammatical number.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00573/fullnumerical cognitiongrammatical numberspace-number associationsspace-word associationsgrounded cognitionembodied cognition |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Martin Lachmair Susana Ruiz Fernandez Susana Ruiz Fernandez Susana Ruiz Fernandez Peter Gerjets Peter Gerjets |
spellingShingle |
Martin Lachmair Susana Ruiz Fernandez Susana Ruiz Fernandez Susana Ruiz Fernandez Peter Gerjets Peter Gerjets Does Grammatical Number Influence the Semantic Priming Between Number Cues and Words Related to Vertical Space? An Investigation Using Virtual Reality Frontiers in Psychology numerical cognition grammatical number space-number associations space-word associations grounded cognition embodied cognition |
author_facet |
Martin Lachmair Susana Ruiz Fernandez Susana Ruiz Fernandez Susana Ruiz Fernandez Peter Gerjets Peter Gerjets |
author_sort |
Martin Lachmair |
title |
Does Grammatical Number Influence the Semantic Priming Between Number Cues and Words Related to Vertical Space? An Investigation Using Virtual Reality |
title_short |
Does Grammatical Number Influence the Semantic Priming Between Number Cues and Words Related to Vertical Space? An Investigation Using Virtual Reality |
title_full |
Does Grammatical Number Influence the Semantic Priming Between Number Cues and Words Related to Vertical Space? An Investigation Using Virtual Reality |
title_fullStr |
Does Grammatical Number Influence the Semantic Priming Between Number Cues and Words Related to Vertical Space? An Investigation Using Virtual Reality |
title_full_unstemmed |
Does Grammatical Number Influence the Semantic Priming Between Number Cues and Words Related to Vertical Space? An Investigation Using Virtual Reality |
title_sort |
does grammatical number influence the semantic priming between number cues and words related to vertical space? an investigation using virtual reality |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Psychology |
issn |
1664-1078 |
publishDate |
2018-04-01 |
description |
The GES framework postulates a hierarchical order between grounded, embodied, and situated representations. Against this background, the present study investigated the relation of two effects: (i) a semantic priming between number cues and words with referents up or down in the world according to the number's magnitude which is supposed to be grounded (cf. Lachmair et al., 2014) and (ii) the compatibility between number cues and the grammatical word form of the words according to the number's multitude which is supposed to be embodied (cf. Roettger and Domahs, 2015). In two experiments words referring to objects up or down in the world and spatially neutral words were presented subsequent to the numbers “1” and “9.” In Experiment 1 words were presented in singular word form and in Experiment 2 in plural word form. For the first time, Virtual Reality was used in such an experimental setup in order to reduce spatial predispositions of participants and to provide a homogeneous experimental environment for replication purposes. According to GES it was expected that the spatial semantic priming should occur in both grammatical word forms. However, the compatibility with grammatical number should only occur for the plural word form due to its markedness. The results of Experiment 1 support the spatial-semantic-priming-hypothesis but not the grammatical-number-hypothesis. The results of Experiment 2 supported only the grammatical-number-hypothesis. It is argued that the grounded spatial effect of Experiment 1 was not affected by grammatical number. However, in Experiment 2 this effect vanished due to an activated embodied reference frame according to grammatical number. |
topic |
numerical cognition grammatical number space-number associations space-word associations grounded cognition embodied cognition |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00573/full |
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