Carvacrol Induces Candida albicans Apoptosis Associated With Ca2+/Calcineurin Pathway
As the prevalence of systemic fungal infections caused by Candida albicans gradually increases, it is necessary to explore potential and effective antifungals. Carvacrol is reported to be lethally toxic to C. albicans, involving several potential mechanisms. However, the form and specific mechanism...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-04-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00192/full |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Chao Niu Chao Niu Chenglu Wang Chenglu Wang Chenglu Wang Yijia Yang Yijia Yang Yijia Yang Ruiyao Chen Jian Zhang Haiyan Chen Haiyan Chen Haiyan Chen Yingzhi Zhuge Jingqi Li Jingqi Li Jingqi Li Jianhua Cheng Ke Xu Maoping Chu Maoping Chu Maoping Chu Chunhua Ren Chunxiang Zhang Chang Jia Chang Jia |
spellingShingle |
Chao Niu Chao Niu Chenglu Wang Chenglu Wang Chenglu Wang Yijia Yang Yijia Yang Yijia Yang Ruiyao Chen Jian Zhang Haiyan Chen Haiyan Chen Haiyan Chen Yingzhi Zhuge Jingqi Li Jingqi Li Jingqi Li Jianhua Cheng Ke Xu Maoping Chu Maoping Chu Maoping Chu Chunhua Ren Chunxiang Zhang Chang Jia Chang Jia Carvacrol Induces Candida albicans Apoptosis Associated With Ca2+/Calcineurin Pathway Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology C. albicans carvacrol apoptosis calcineurin immunomodulation |
author_facet |
Chao Niu Chao Niu Chenglu Wang Chenglu Wang Chenglu Wang Yijia Yang Yijia Yang Yijia Yang Ruiyao Chen Jian Zhang Haiyan Chen Haiyan Chen Haiyan Chen Yingzhi Zhuge Jingqi Li Jingqi Li Jingqi Li Jianhua Cheng Ke Xu Maoping Chu Maoping Chu Maoping Chu Chunhua Ren Chunxiang Zhang Chang Jia Chang Jia |
author_sort |
Chao Niu |
title |
Carvacrol Induces Candida albicans Apoptosis Associated With Ca2+/Calcineurin Pathway |
title_short |
Carvacrol Induces Candida albicans Apoptosis Associated With Ca2+/Calcineurin Pathway |
title_full |
Carvacrol Induces Candida albicans Apoptosis Associated With Ca2+/Calcineurin Pathway |
title_fullStr |
Carvacrol Induces Candida albicans Apoptosis Associated With Ca2+/Calcineurin Pathway |
title_full_unstemmed |
Carvacrol Induces Candida albicans Apoptosis Associated With Ca2+/Calcineurin Pathway |
title_sort |
carvacrol induces candida albicans apoptosis associated with ca2+/calcineurin pathway |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
issn |
2235-2988 |
publishDate |
2020-04-01 |
description |
As the prevalence of systemic fungal infections caused by Candida albicans gradually increases, it is necessary to explore potential and effective antifungals. Carvacrol is reported to be lethally toxic to C. albicans, involving several potential mechanisms. However, the form and specific mechanism of cell death caused by this compound has not been delineated. In this study, we found that carvacrol could significantly decrease C. albicans survival rates, consistent with previous researches. Further examination proved that carvacrol treatment caused cell membrane permeability and depolarization. To elucidate the association between cell death and apoptosis, DNA fragmentation and metacaspase activation were determined; as expected, these two apoptosis-related markers were clearly observed. Moreover, total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were elevated, and both mitochondrial transmembrane potential and morphology were disrupted. Additionally, cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium levels were also increased by carvacrol. Calcineurin inhibition experiments revealed cyclosporine A (CsA) addition notably rescued cell growth and inhibited metacaspase activation, indicating that carvacrol triggered C. albicans apoptosis through inducing calcineurin activation. Carvacrol was demonstrated to both have low toxicity and be effective in alleviating systemic infections with C. albicans, which might be via its antifungal and immunomodulation activities. This study suggests that carvacrol has excellent potential as a natural protective compound against C. albicans infections. |
topic |
C. albicans carvacrol apoptosis calcineurin immunomodulation |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00192/full |
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doaj-d9552bb2ccc9412eb6956b422e7c717a2020-11-25T03:32:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882020-04-011010.3389/fcimb.2020.00192523983Carvacrol Induces Candida albicans Apoptosis Associated With Ca2+/Calcineurin PathwayChao Niu0Chao Niu1Chenglu Wang2Chenglu Wang3Chenglu Wang4Yijia Yang5Yijia Yang6Yijia Yang7Ruiyao Chen8Jian Zhang9Haiyan Chen10Haiyan Chen11Haiyan Chen12Yingzhi Zhuge13Jingqi Li14Jingqi Li15Jingqi Li16Jianhua Cheng17Ke Xu18Maoping Chu19Maoping Chu20Maoping Chu21Chunhua Ren22Chunxiang Zhang23Chang Jia24Chang Jia25Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaPediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaChildren's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaPediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaChildren's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaChildren's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaChildren's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaPediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaChildren's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaChildren's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaPediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaChildren's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaThe Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, ChinaPediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaChildren's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, ChinaChildren's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaPediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaThe Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaAs the prevalence of systemic fungal infections caused by Candida albicans gradually increases, it is necessary to explore potential and effective antifungals. Carvacrol is reported to be lethally toxic to C. albicans, involving several potential mechanisms. However, the form and specific mechanism of cell death caused by this compound has not been delineated. In this study, we found that carvacrol could significantly decrease C. albicans survival rates, consistent with previous researches. Further examination proved that carvacrol treatment caused cell membrane permeability and depolarization. To elucidate the association between cell death and apoptosis, DNA fragmentation and metacaspase activation were determined; as expected, these two apoptosis-related markers were clearly observed. Moreover, total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were elevated, and both mitochondrial transmembrane potential and morphology were disrupted. Additionally, cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium levels were also increased by carvacrol. Calcineurin inhibition experiments revealed cyclosporine A (CsA) addition notably rescued cell growth and inhibited metacaspase activation, indicating that carvacrol triggered C. albicans apoptosis through inducing calcineurin activation. Carvacrol was demonstrated to both have low toxicity and be effective in alleviating systemic infections with C. albicans, which might be via its antifungal and immunomodulation activities. This study suggests that carvacrol has excellent potential as a natural protective compound against C. albicans infections.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2020.00192/fullC. albicanscarvacrolapoptosiscalcineurinimmunomodulation |