Transcriptome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon Adherent Head Kidney Leukocytes Reveals That Macrophages Are Selectively Enriched During Culture
The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an economically important fish, both in aquaculture and in the wild. In vertebrates, macrophages are some of the first cell types to respond to pathogen infection and disease. While macrophage biology has been characterized in mammals, less is known in fish. Our...
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doaj-d97d9549b8924954a4c4ba79817de0a12021-08-16T10:16:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-08-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.709910709910Transcriptome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon Adherent Head Kidney Leukocytes Reveals That Macrophages Are Selectively Enriched During CultureNicole C. Smith0Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan1Surendra Kumar2Nardos T. Woldemariam3Rune Andreassen4Sherri L. Christian5Matthew L. Rise6Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, CanadaDepartment of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, CanadaDepartment of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, CanadaDepartment of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, CanadaDepartment of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, CanadaThe Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an economically important fish, both in aquaculture and in the wild. In vertebrates, macrophages are some of the first cell types to respond to pathogen infection and disease. While macrophage biology has been characterized in mammals, less is known in fish. Our previous work identified changes in the morphology, phagocytic ability, and miRNA profile of Atlantic salmon adherent head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) from predominantly “monocyte-like” at Day 1 of in vitro culture to predominantly “macrophage-like” at Day 5 of culture. Therefore, to further characterize these two cell populations, we examined the mRNA transcriptome profile in Day 1 and Day 5 HKLs using a 44K oligonucleotide microarray. Large changes in the transcriptome were revealed, including changes in the expression of macrophage and immune-related transcripts (e.g. csf1r, arg1, tnfa, mx2), lipid-related transcripts (e.g. fasn, dhcr7, fabp6), and transcription factors involved in macrophage differentiation and function (e.g. klf2, klf9, irf7, irf8, stat1). The in silico target prediction analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using miRNAs known to change expression in Day 5 HKLs, followed by gene pathway enrichment analysis, supported that these miRNAs may be involved in macrophage maturation by targeting specific DEGs. Elucidating how immune cells, such as macrophages, develop and function is a key step in understanding the Atlantic salmon immune system. Overall, the results indicate that, without the addition of exogenous factors, the adherent HKL cell population differentiates in vitro to become macrophage-like.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.709910/fullAtlantic salmontranscriptomemacrophagemicroarraycell differentiationhead kidney leukocyte culture |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nicole C. Smith Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan Surendra Kumar Nardos T. Woldemariam Rune Andreassen Sherri L. Christian Matthew L. Rise |
spellingShingle |
Nicole C. Smith Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan Surendra Kumar Nardos T. Woldemariam Rune Andreassen Sherri L. Christian Matthew L. Rise Transcriptome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon Adherent Head Kidney Leukocytes Reveals That Macrophages Are Selectively Enriched During Culture Frontiers in Immunology Atlantic salmon transcriptome macrophage microarray cell differentiation head kidney leukocyte culture |
author_facet |
Nicole C. Smith Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan Surendra Kumar Nardos T. Woldemariam Rune Andreassen Sherri L. Christian Matthew L. Rise |
author_sort |
Nicole C. Smith |
title |
Transcriptome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon Adherent Head Kidney Leukocytes Reveals That Macrophages Are Selectively Enriched During Culture |
title_short |
Transcriptome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon Adherent Head Kidney Leukocytes Reveals That Macrophages Are Selectively Enriched During Culture |
title_full |
Transcriptome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon Adherent Head Kidney Leukocytes Reveals That Macrophages Are Selectively Enriched During Culture |
title_fullStr |
Transcriptome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon Adherent Head Kidney Leukocytes Reveals That Macrophages Are Selectively Enriched During Culture |
title_full_unstemmed |
Transcriptome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon Adherent Head Kidney Leukocytes Reveals That Macrophages Are Selectively Enriched During Culture |
title_sort |
transcriptome profiling of atlantic salmon adherent head kidney leukocytes reveals that macrophages are selectively enriched during culture |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an economically important fish, both in aquaculture and in the wild. In vertebrates, macrophages are some of the first cell types to respond to pathogen infection and disease. While macrophage biology has been characterized in mammals, less is known in fish. Our previous work identified changes in the morphology, phagocytic ability, and miRNA profile of Atlantic salmon adherent head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) from predominantly “monocyte-like” at Day 1 of in vitro culture to predominantly “macrophage-like” at Day 5 of culture. Therefore, to further characterize these two cell populations, we examined the mRNA transcriptome profile in Day 1 and Day 5 HKLs using a 44K oligonucleotide microarray. Large changes in the transcriptome were revealed, including changes in the expression of macrophage and immune-related transcripts (e.g. csf1r, arg1, tnfa, mx2), lipid-related transcripts (e.g. fasn, dhcr7, fabp6), and transcription factors involved in macrophage differentiation and function (e.g. klf2, klf9, irf7, irf8, stat1). The in silico target prediction analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using miRNAs known to change expression in Day 5 HKLs, followed by gene pathway enrichment analysis, supported that these miRNAs may be involved in macrophage maturation by targeting specific DEGs. Elucidating how immune cells, such as macrophages, develop and function is a key step in understanding the Atlantic salmon immune system. Overall, the results indicate that, without the addition of exogenous factors, the adherent HKL cell population differentiates in vitro to become macrophage-like. |
topic |
Atlantic salmon transcriptome macrophage microarray cell differentiation head kidney leukocyte culture |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.709910/full |
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