Fine particulate matter constituents associated with emergency room visits for pediatric asthma: a time-stratified case–crossover study in an urban area
Abstract Background Global asthma-related mortality tallies at around 2.5 million annually. Although asthma may be triggered or exacerbated by particulate matter (PM) exposure, studies investigating the relationship of PM and its components with emergency department (ED) visits for pediatric asthma...
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doaj-d98c3e4a2b39434baef919168dfc55832021-08-29T11:16:44ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582021-08-012111810.1186/s12889-021-11636-5Fine particulate matter constituents associated with emergency room visits for pediatric asthma: a time-stratified case–crossover study in an urban areaYu-Ni Ho0Fu-Jen Cheng1Ming-Ta Tsai2Chih-Min Tsai3Po-Chun Chuang4Chi-Yung Cheng5Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChang Gung University College of MedicineDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalAbstract Background Global asthma-related mortality tallies at around 2.5 million annually. Although asthma may be triggered or exacerbated by particulate matter (PM) exposure, studies investigating the relationship of PM and its components with emergency department (ED) visits for pediatric asthma are limited. This study aimed to estimate the impact of short-term exposure to PM constituents on ED visits for pediatric asthma. Methods We retrospectively evaluated non-trauma patients aged younger than 17 years who visited the ED with a primary diagnosis of asthma. Further, measurements of PM with aerodynamic diameter of < 10 μm (PM10), PM with aerodynamic diameter of < 10 μm (PM2.5), and four PM2.5 components (i.e., nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO4 2−), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC)) were collected between 2007 and 2010 from southern particulate matter supersites. These included one core station and two satellite stations in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted to analyze the hazard effect of PM. Results Overall, 1597 patients were enrolled in our study. In the single-pollutant model, the estimated risk increase for pediatric asthma incidence on lag 3 were 14.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.2–27.4%], 13.5% (95% CI, 3.3–24.6%), 14.8% (95% CI, 2.5–28.6%), and 19.8% (95% CI, 7.6–33.3%) per interquartile range increments in PM2.5, PM10, nitrate, and OC, respectively. In the two-pollutant models, OC remained significant after adjusting for PM2.5, PM10, and nitrate. During subgroup analysis, children were more vulnerable to PM2.5 and OC during cold days (< 26 °C, interaction p = 0.008 and 0.012, respectively). Conclusions Both PM2.5 concentrations and its chemical constituents OC and nitrate are associated with ED visits for pediatric asthma. Among PM2.5 constituents, OC was most closely related to ED visits for pediatric asthma, and children are more vulnerable to PM2.5 and OC during cold days.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11636-5Particulate matterComponentAir pollutionPediatricAsthma |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yu-Ni Ho Fu-Jen Cheng Ming-Ta Tsai Chih-Min Tsai Po-Chun Chuang Chi-Yung Cheng |
spellingShingle |
Yu-Ni Ho Fu-Jen Cheng Ming-Ta Tsai Chih-Min Tsai Po-Chun Chuang Chi-Yung Cheng Fine particulate matter constituents associated with emergency room visits for pediatric asthma: a time-stratified case–crossover study in an urban area BMC Public Health Particulate matter Component Air pollution Pediatric Asthma |
author_facet |
Yu-Ni Ho Fu-Jen Cheng Ming-Ta Tsai Chih-Min Tsai Po-Chun Chuang Chi-Yung Cheng |
author_sort |
Yu-Ni Ho |
title |
Fine particulate matter constituents associated with emergency room visits for pediatric asthma: a time-stratified case–crossover study in an urban area |
title_short |
Fine particulate matter constituents associated with emergency room visits for pediatric asthma: a time-stratified case–crossover study in an urban area |
title_full |
Fine particulate matter constituents associated with emergency room visits for pediatric asthma: a time-stratified case–crossover study in an urban area |
title_fullStr |
Fine particulate matter constituents associated with emergency room visits for pediatric asthma: a time-stratified case–crossover study in an urban area |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fine particulate matter constituents associated with emergency room visits for pediatric asthma: a time-stratified case–crossover study in an urban area |
title_sort |
fine particulate matter constituents associated with emergency room visits for pediatric asthma: a time-stratified case–crossover study in an urban area |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Public Health |
issn |
1471-2458 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Global asthma-related mortality tallies at around 2.5 million annually. Although asthma may be triggered or exacerbated by particulate matter (PM) exposure, studies investigating the relationship of PM and its components with emergency department (ED) visits for pediatric asthma are limited. This study aimed to estimate the impact of short-term exposure to PM constituents on ED visits for pediatric asthma. Methods We retrospectively evaluated non-trauma patients aged younger than 17 years who visited the ED with a primary diagnosis of asthma. Further, measurements of PM with aerodynamic diameter of < 10 μm (PM10), PM with aerodynamic diameter of < 10 μm (PM2.5), and four PM2.5 components (i.e., nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO4 2−), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC)) were collected between 2007 and 2010 from southern particulate matter supersites. These included one core station and two satellite stations in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted to analyze the hazard effect of PM. Results Overall, 1597 patients were enrolled in our study. In the single-pollutant model, the estimated risk increase for pediatric asthma incidence on lag 3 were 14.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.2–27.4%], 13.5% (95% CI, 3.3–24.6%), 14.8% (95% CI, 2.5–28.6%), and 19.8% (95% CI, 7.6–33.3%) per interquartile range increments in PM2.5, PM10, nitrate, and OC, respectively. In the two-pollutant models, OC remained significant after adjusting for PM2.5, PM10, and nitrate. During subgroup analysis, children were more vulnerable to PM2.5 and OC during cold days (< 26 °C, interaction p = 0.008 and 0.012, respectively). Conclusions Both PM2.5 concentrations and its chemical constituents OC and nitrate are associated with ED visits for pediatric asthma. Among PM2.5 constituents, OC was most closely related to ED visits for pediatric asthma, and children are more vulnerable to PM2.5 and OC during cold days. |
topic |
Particulate matter Component Air pollution Pediatric Asthma |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11636-5 |
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