Neurological and Cognitive Performance After Childhood Encephalitis
Background: Children with encephalitis have increased risk for long-term neurological sequelae. We investigated minor neurological dysfunction (MND) and cognitive performance as a measurement for long-term outcome of encephalitis in childhood.Materials and Methods: Children with encephalitis (n = 98...
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doaj-d9b27ad49241474e81e9aed2b77ed6af2021-04-06T04:24:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602021-04-01910.3389/fped.2021.646684646684Neurological and Cognitive Performance After Childhood EncephalitisHeidi Pöyhönen0Heidi Pöyhönen1Sirkku Setänen2Sirkku Setänen3Sirkku Setänen4Nea Isaksson5Mikko Nyman6Anna Nyman7Anna Nyman8Anna Nyman9Ville Peltola10Tuire Lähdesmäki11Tuire Lähdesmäki12Department of Pediatric Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FinlandDepartments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, FinlandDepartment of Pediatric Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FinlandDepartments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, FinlandDepartment of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Pediatric Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FinlandDepartment of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FinlandDepartments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, FinlandDepartment of Psychology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FinlandDepartment of Social Research, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FinlandDepartment of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FinlandDepartment of Pediatric Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FinlandDepartments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, FinlandBackground: Children with encephalitis have increased risk for long-term neurological sequelae. We investigated minor neurological dysfunction (MND) and cognitive performance as a measurement for long-term outcome of encephalitis in childhood.Materials and Methods: Children with encephalitis (n = 98) treated in Turku University Hospital during the years 1995–2016 were retrospectively identified. We included the patients without severe developmental delay before the encephalitis and without recorded neurological disability caused by encephalitis. MND was assessed using the Touwen examination. Age-appropriate Wechsler Intelligence Scale was used to determine the full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ). Residual symptoms in everyday life were evaluated using a questionnaire.Results: Forty-two subjects participated in the study and returned the questionnaire regarding residual symptoms. The median age was 4.3 years at the time of encephalitis, and 11.3 years at the time of the Touwen examination (n = 41) and the cognitive assessment (n = 38). The Touwen examination indicated MND in 29 of 41 participants (71%; simple MND in 16 and complex MND in 13 patients). The median full-scale IQ was lower in participants with MND compared with participants without MND (98 vs. 110, p = 0.02). Participants with IQ < 85 (n = 5) had lower median age at acute encephalitis compared to participants with IQ ≥ 85 (n = 33) (1.8 vs. 5.3 years, p = 0.03). Problems in daily performance were reported in participant with MND (p = 0.2) and low full-scale IQ (p = 0.008).Conclusions: The prevalence of MND was high and it was related to lower cognitive performance after childhood encephalitis. Younger age at acute encephalitis was a risk factor for lower cognitive performance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.646684/fullcentral nervous system infectionfull-scale intelligence quotientlong-term outcomeminor neurological dysfunctionpediatric encephalitisthe Touwen examination |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Heidi Pöyhönen Heidi Pöyhönen Sirkku Setänen Sirkku Setänen Sirkku Setänen Nea Isaksson Mikko Nyman Anna Nyman Anna Nyman Anna Nyman Ville Peltola Tuire Lähdesmäki Tuire Lähdesmäki |
spellingShingle |
Heidi Pöyhönen Heidi Pöyhönen Sirkku Setänen Sirkku Setänen Sirkku Setänen Nea Isaksson Mikko Nyman Anna Nyman Anna Nyman Anna Nyman Ville Peltola Tuire Lähdesmäki Tuire Lähdesmäki Neurological and Cognitive Performance After Childhood Encephalitis Frontiers in Pediatrics central nervous system infection full-scale intelligence quotient long-term outcome minor neurological dysfunction pediatric encephalitis the Touwen examination |
author_facet |
Heidi Pöyhönen Heidi Pöyhönen Sirkku Setänen Sirkku Setänen Sirkku Setänen Nea Isaksson Mikko Nyman Anna Nyman Anna Nyman Anna Nyman Ville Peltola Tuire Lähdesmäki Tuire Lähdesmäki |
author_sort |
Heidi Pöyhönen |
title |
Neurological and Cognitive Performance After Childhood Encephalitis |
title_short |
Neurological and Cognitive Performance After Childhood Encephalitis |
title_full |
Neurological and Cognitive Performance After Childhood Encephalitis |
title_fullStr |
Neurological and Cognitive Performance After Childhood Encephalitis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Neurological and Cognitive Performance After Childhood Encephalitis |
title_sort |
neurological and cognitive performance after childhood encephalitis |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Pediatrics |
issn |
2296-2360 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Background: Children with encephalitis have increased risk for long-term neurological sequelae. We investigated minor neurological dysfunction (MND) and cognitive performance as a measurement for long-term outcome of encephalitis in childhood.Materials and Methods: Children with encephalitis (n = 98) treated in Turku University Hospital during the years 1995–2016 were retrospectively identified. We included the patients without severe developmental delay before the encephalitis and without recorded neurological disability caused by encephalitis. MND was assessed using the Touwen examination. Age-appropriate Wechsler Intelligence Scale was used to determine the full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ). Residual symptoms in everyday life were evaluated using a questionnaire.Results: Forty-two subjects participated in the study and returned the questionnaire regarding residual symptoms. The median age was 4.3 years at the time of encephalitis, and 11.3 years at the time of the Touwen examination (n = 41) and the cognitive assessment (n = 38). The Touwen examination indicated MND in 29 of 41 participants (71%; simple MND in 16 and complex MND in 13 patients). The median full-scale IQ was lower in participants with MND compared with participants without MND (98 vs. 110, p = 0.02). Participants with IQ < 85 (n = 5) had lower median age at acute encephalitis compared to participants with IQ ≥ 85 (n = 33) (1.8 vs. 5.3 years, p = 0.03). Problems in daily performance were reported in participant with MND (p = 0.2) and low full-scale IQ (p = 0.008).Conclusions: The prevalence of MND was high and it was related to lower cognitive performance after childhood encephalitis. Younger age at acute encephalitis was a risk factor for lower cognitive performance. |
topic |
central nervous system infection full-scale intelligence quotient long-term outcome minor neurological dysfunction pediatric encephalitis the Touwen examination |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.646684/full |
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