The Smart Aging Platform for Assessing Early Phases of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Neurodegenerative Diseases
Background: Smart Aging is a serious game (SG) platform that generates a 3D virtual reality environment in which users perform a set of screening tasks designed to allow evaluation of global cognition. Each task replicates activities of daily living performed in a familiar environment. The main goal...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-03-01
|
Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635410/full |
id |
doaj-d9b7f0e3be43441589fa3dcb7a63b35c |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-d9b7f0e3be43441589fa3dcb7a63b35c2021-03-15T04:30:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782021-03-011210.3389/fpsyg.2021.635410635410The Smart Aging Platform for Assessing Early Phases of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Neurodegenerative DiseasesSara Bottiroli0Sara Bottiroli1Sara Bernini2Elena Cavallini3Elena Sinforiani4Chiara Zucchella5Stefania Pazzi6Paolo Cristiani7Tomaso Vecchi8Tomaso Vecchi9Daniela Tost10Giorgio Sandrini11Giorgio Sandrini12Cristina Tassorelli13Cristina Tassorelli14Faculty of Law, Giustino Fortunato University, Benevento, ItalyNational Neurological Institute C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, ItalyNational Neurological Institute C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyNational Neurological Institute C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, ItalyNeurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Verona University Hospital, Verona, ItalyConsorzio di Bioingegneria Medica e Informatica CBIM, Pavia, ItalyConsorzio di Bioingegneria Medica e Informatica CBIM, Pavia, ItalyNational Neurological Institute C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyComputer Graphics Division Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB), Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, SpainNational Neurological Institute C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyNational Neurological Institute C. Mondino Foundation, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyBackground: Smart Aging is a serious game (SG) platform that generates a 3D virtual reality environment in which users perform a set of screening tasks designed to allow evaluation of global cognition. Each task replicates activities of daily living performed in a familiar environment. The main goal of the present study was to ascertain whether Smart Aging could differentiate between different types and levels of cognitive impairment in patients with neurodegenerative disease.Methods: Ninety-one subjects (mean age = 70.29 ± 7.70 years)—healthy older adults (HCs, n = 23), patients with single-domain amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, n = 23), patients with single-domain executive Parkinson's disease MCI (PD-MCI, n = 20), and patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (mild AD, n = 25)—were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent cognitive evaluations performed using both traditional neuropsychological assessment tools, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Overall Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Smart Aging platform. We analyzed global scores on Smart Aging indices (i.e., accuracy, time, distance) as well as the Smart Aging total score, looking for differences between the four groups.Results: The findings revealed significant between-group differences in all the Smart Aging indices: accuracy (p < 0.001), time (p < 0.001), distance (p < 0.001), and total Smart Aging score (p < 0.001). The HCs outperformed the mild AD, aMCI, and PD-MCI patients in terms of accuracy, time, distance, and Smart Aging total score. In addition, the mild AD group was outperformed both by the HCs and by the aMCI and PD-MCI patients on accuracy and distance. No significant differences were found between aMCI and PD-MCI patients. Finally, the Smart Aging scores significantly correlated with the results of the neuropsychological assessments used.Conclusion: These findings, although preliminary due to the small sample size, suggest the validity of Smart Aging as a screening tool for the detection of cognitive impairment in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635410/fullvirtual realityserious gamescognitive impairmentglobal cognitive functionsneurodegenerative disease |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sara Bottiroli Sara Bottiroli Sara Bernini Elena Cavallini Elena Sinforiani Chiara Zucchella Stefania Pazzi Paolo Cristiani Tomaso Vecchi Tomaso Vecchi Daniela Tost Giorgio Sandrini Giorgio Sandrini Cristina Tassorelli Cristina Tassorelli |
spellingShingle |
Sara Bottiroli Sara Bottiroli Sara Bernini Elena Cavallini Elena Sinforiani Chiara Zucchella Stefania Pazzi Paolo Cristiani Tomaso Vecchi Tomaso Vecchi Daniela Tost Giorgio Sandrini Giorgio Sandrini Cristina Tassorelli Cristina Tassorelli The Smart Aging Platform for Assessing Early Phases of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Neurodegenerative Diseases Frontiers in Psychology virtual reality serious games cognitive impairment global cognitive functions neurodegenerative disease |
author_facet |
Sara Bottiroli Sara Bottiroli Sara Bernini Elena Cavallini Elena Sinforiani Chiara Zucchella Stefania Pazzi Paolo Cristiani Tomaso Vecchi Tomaso Vecchi Daniela Tost Giorgio Sandrini Giorgio Sandrini Cristina Tassorelli Cristina Tassorelli |
author_sort |
Sara Bottiroli |
title |
The Smart Aging Platform for Assessing Early Phases of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title_short |
The Smart Aging Platform for Assessing Early Phases of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title_full |
The Smart Aging Platform for Assessing Early Phases of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title_fullStr |
The Smart Aging Platform for Assessing Early Phases of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Smart Aging Platform for Assessing Early Phases of Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Neurodegenerative Diseases |
title_sort |
smart aging platform for assessing early phases of cognitive impairment in patients with neurodegenerative diseases |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Psychology |
issn |
1664-1078 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
Background: Smart Aging is a serious game (SG) platform that generates a 3D virtual reality environment in which users perform a set of screening tasks designed to allow evaluation of global cognition. Each task replicates activities of daily living performed in a familiar environment. The main goal of the present study was to ascertain whether Smart Aging could differentiate between different types and levels of cognitive impairment in patients with neurodegenerative disease.Methods: Ninety-one subjects (mean age = 70.29 ± 7.70 years)—healthy older adults (HCs, n = 23), patients with single-domain amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, n = 23), patients with single-domain executive Parkinson's disease MCI (PD-MCI, n = 20), and patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (mild AD, n = 25)—were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent cognitive evaluations performed using both traditional neuropsychological assessment tools, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Overall Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Smart Aging platform. We analyzed global scores on Smart Aging indices (i.e., accuracy, time, distance) as well as the Smart Aging total score, looking for differences between the four groups.Results: The findings revealed significant between-group differences in all the Smart Aging indices: accuracy (p < 0.001), time (p < 0.001), distance (p < 0.001), and total Smart Aging score (p < 0.001). The HCs outperformed the mild AD, aMCI, and PD-MCI patients in terms of accuracy, time, distance, and Smart Aging total score. In addition, the mild AD group was outperformed both by the HCs and by the aMCI and PD-MCI patients on accuracy and distance. No significant differences were found between aMCI and PD-MCI patients. Finally, the Smart Aging scores significantly correlated with the results of the neuropsychological assessments used.Conclusion: These findings, although preliminary due to the small sample size, suggest the validity of Smart Aging as a screening tool for the detection of cognitive impairment in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. |
topic |
virtual reality serious games cognitive impairment global cognitive functions neurodegenerative disease |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635410/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT sarabottiroli thesmartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT sarabottiroli thesmartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT sarabernini thesmartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT elenacavallini thesmartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT elenasinforiani thesmartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT chiarazucchella thesmartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT stefaniapazzi thesmartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT paolocristiani thesmartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT tomasovecchi thesmartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT tomasovecchi thesmartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT danielatost thesmartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT giorgiosandrini thesmartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT giorgiosandrini thesmartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT cristinatassorelli thesmartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT cristinatassorelli thesmartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT sarabottiroli smartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT sarabottiroli smartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT sarabernini smartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT elenacavallini smartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT elenasinforiani smartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT chiarazucchella smartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT stefaniapazzi smartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT paolocristiani smartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT tomasovecchi smartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT tomasovecchi smartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT danielatost smartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT giorgiosandrini smartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT giorgiosandrini smartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT cristinatassorelli smartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases AT cristinatassorelli smartagingplatformforassessingearlyphasesofcognitiveimpairmentinpatientswithneurodegenerativediseases |
_version_ |
1724221009628758016 |