Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In Vitro

After selective carious tissue removal, residual carious lesions remain radiographically detectable. Radiopaque tagging resolves the resulting diagnostic uncertainty but impedes bond strengths of adhesives to tagged dentin. We developed a protocol mitigating these detrimental effects. A 30%/50%/70%...

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Main Authors: Sophia Toelle, Agnes Holtkamp, Uwe Blunck, Sebastian Paris, Falk Schwendicke
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-08-01
Series:Materials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/17/3702
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spelling doaj-d9bc0ba23f63470b8d6aec7d26a797542020-11-25T03:46:25ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-08-01133702370210.3390/ma13173702Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In VitroSophia Toelle0Agnes Holtkamp1Uwe Blunck2Sebastian Paris3Falk Schwendicke4Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, GermanyAfter selective carious tissue removal, residual carious lesions remain radiographically detectable. Radiopaque tagging resolves the resulting diagnostic uncertainty but impedes bond strengths of adhesives to tagged dentin. We developed a protocol mitigating these detrimental effects. A 30%/50%/70% SnCl<sub>2</sub> solution was dissolved in distilled water or a 30%/50%/90% ethanol solution (E30/60/90) and applied to artificially induced dentin lesions. Tagging effects were radiographically evaluated using transversal wavelength-independent microradiography (<i>n</i> = 6/group). Groups with sufficient tagging effects at the lowest SnCl<sub>2</sub> concentrations were used to evaluate how tagging affected the microtensile bond strength of a universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal) to sound and carious dentin (<i>n</i> = 10/group). Two different protocols for removing tagging material were tested: 15 s phosphoric acid etching and 5 s rotating brush application. Scanning/backscattered electron microscopy (SEM/BSE) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to assess surfaces after tagging and removal. The most promising removal protocol was revalidated microradiographically. Tagging significantly increased the radiopacity, with consistent effects for 30% SnCl<sub>2</sub> dissolved in water or E30. Microscopically, tagged surfaces showed a thick carpet of SnCl<sub>2</sub>, and tagging reduced bond strengths significantly on carious dentin but not on sound dentin (<i>p</i> < 0.01). On carious dentin, removal of tagging material using acid etching and rotating brush was microscopically confirmed. Acid etching also mitigated any bond strength reduction (median: 21.3 MPa; interquartile range: 10.8 MPa) compared with nontagged dentin (median: 17.4 MPa; interquartile range: 20.6 MPa). This was not the case for brushing (median: 13.2 MPa; interquartile range: 13.9 MPa). Acid etching minimally reduced the radiographic tagging effect (<i>p</i> = 0.055). Phosphoric acid etching reduces the detrimental bond-strength effects of tagging without significantly decreasing radiographic tagging effects when using a universal adhesive.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/17/3702bondingcariesdentaldiagnosticsradiographyresidual caries
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Sophia Toelle
Agnes Holtkamp
Uwe Blunck
Sebastian Paris
Falk Schwendicke
spellingShingle Sophia Toelle
Agnes Holtkamp
Uwe Blunck
Sebastian Paris
Falk Schwendicke
Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In Vitro
Materials
bonding
caries
dental
diagnostics
radiography
residual caries
author_facet Sophia Toelle
Agnes Holtkamp
Uwe Blunck
Sebastian Paris
Falk Schwendicke
author_sort Sophia Toelle
title Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In Vitro
title_short Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In Vitro
title_full Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In Vitro
title_fullStr Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In Vitro
title_full_unstemmed Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In Vitro
title_sort improving the bond strength of radiographically tagged caries lesions in vitro
publisher MDPI AG
series Materials
issn 1996-1944
publishDate 2020-08-01
description After selective carious tissue removal, residual carious lesions remain radiographically detectable. Radiopaque tagging resolves the resulting diagnostic uncertainty but impedes bond strengths of adhesives to tagged dentin. We developed a protocol mitigating these detrimental effects. A 30%/50%/70% SnCl<sub>2</sub> solution was dissolved in distilled water or a 30%/50%/90% ethanol solution (E30/60/90) and applied to artificially induced dentin lesions. Tagging effects were radiographically evaluated using transversal wavelength-independent microradiography (<i>n</i> = 6/group). Groups with sufficient tagging effects at the lowest SnCl<sub>2</sub> concentrations were used to evaluate how tagging affected the microtensile bond strength of a universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal) to sound and carious dentin (<i>n</i> = 10/group). Two different protocols for removing tagging material were tested: 15 s phosphoric acid etching and 5 s rotating brush application. Scanning/backscattered electron microscopy (SEM/BSE) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to assess surfaces after tagging and removal. The most promising removal protocol was revalidated microradiographically. Tagging significantly increased the radiopacity, with consistent effects for 30% SnCl<sub>2</sub> dissolved in water or E30. Microscopically, tagged surfaces showed a thick carpet of SnCl<sub>2</sub>, and tagging reduced bond strengths significantly on carious dentin but not on sound dentin (<i>p</i> < 0.01). On carious dentin, removal of tagging material using acid etching and rotating brush was microscopically confirmed. Acid etching also mitigated any bond strength reduction (median: 21.3 MPa; interquartile range: 10.8 MPa) compared with nontagged dentin (median: 17.4 MPa; interquartile range: 20.6 MPa). This was not the case for brushing (median: 13.2 MPa; interquartile range: 13.9 MPa). Acid etching minimally reduced the radiographic tagging effect (<i>p</i> = 0.055). Phosphoric acid etching reduces the detrimental bond-strength effects of tagging without significantly decreasing radiographic tagging effects when using a universal adhesive.
topic bonding
caries
dental
diagnostics
radiography
residual caries
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/17/3702
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AT sebastianparis improvingthebondstrengthofradiographicallytaggedcarieslesionsinvitro
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