Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In Vitro
After selective carious tissue removal, residual carious lesions remain radiographically detectable. Radiopaque tagging resolves the resulting diagnostic uncertainty but impedes bond strengths of adhesives to tagged dentin. We developed a protocol mitigating these detrimental effects. A 30%/50%/70%...
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doaj-d9bc0ba23f63470b8d6aec7d26a797542020-11-25T03:46:25ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-08-01133702370210.3390/ma13173702Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In VitroSophia Toelle0Agnes Holtkamp1Uwe Blunck2Sebastian Paris3Falk Schwendicke4Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, GermanyAfter selective carious tissue removal, residual carious lesions remain radiographically detectable. Radiopaque tagging resolves the resulting diagnostic uncertainty but impedes bond strengths of adhesives to tagged dentin. We developed a protocol mitigating these detrimental effects. A 30%/50%/70% SnCl<sub>2</sub> solution was dissolved in distilled water or a 30%/50%/90% ethanol solution (E30/60/90) and applied to artificially induced dentin lesions. Tagging effects were radiographically evaluated using transversal wavelength-independent microradiography (<i>n</i> = 6/group). Groups with sufficient tagging effects at the lowest SnCl<sub>2</sub> concentrations were used to evaluate how tagging affected the microtensile bond strength of a universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal) to sound and carious dentin (<i>n</i> = 10/group). Two different protocols for removing tagging material were tested: 15 s phosphoric acid etching and 5 s rotating brush application. Scanning/backscattered electron microscopy (SEM/BSE) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to assess surfaces after tagging and removal. The most promising removal protocol was revalidated microradiographically. Tagging significantly increased the radiopacity, with consistent effects for 30% SnCl<sub>2</sub> dissolved in water or E30. Microscopically, tagged surfaces showed a thick carpet of SnCl<sub>2</sub>, and tagging reduced bond strengths significantly on carious dentin but not on sound dentin (<i>p</i> < 0.01). On carious dentin, removal of tagging material using acid etching and rotating brush was microscopically confirmed. Acid etching also mitigated any bond strength reduction (median: 21.3 MPa; interquartile range: 10.8 MPa) compared with nontagged dentin (median: 17.4 MPa; interquartile range: 20.6 MPa). This was not the case for brushing (median: 13.2 MPa; interquartile range: 13.9 MPa). Acid etching minimally reduced the radiographic tagging effect (<i>p</i> = 0.055). Phosphoric acid etching reduces the detrimental bond-strength effects of tagging without significantly decreasing radiographic tagging effects when using a universal adhesive.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/17/3702bondingcariesdentaldiagnosticsradiographyresidual caries |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sophia Toelle Agnes Holtkamp Uwe Blunck Sebastian Paris Falk Schwendicke |
spellingShingle |
Sophia Toelle Agnes Holtkamp Uwe Blunck Sebastian Paris Falk Schwendicke Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In Vitro Materials bonding caries dental diagnostics radiography residual caries |
author_facet |
Sophia Toelle Agnes Holtkamp Uwe Blunck Sebastian Paris Falk Schwendicke |
author_sort |
Sophia Toelle |
title |
Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In Vitro |
title_short |
Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In Vitro |
title_full |
Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In Vitro |
title_fullStr |
Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In Vitro |
title_full_unstemmed |
Improving the Bond Strength of Radiographically Tagged Caries Lesions In Vitro |
title_sort |
improving the bond strength of radiographically tagged caries lesions in vitro |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
After selective carious tissue removal, residual carious lesions remain radiographically detectable. Radiopaque tagging resolves the resulting diagnostic uncertainty but impedes bond strengths of adhesives to tagged dentin. We developed a protocol mitigating these detrimental effects. A 30%/50%/70% SnCl<sub>2</sub> solution was dissolved in distilled water or a 30%/50%/90% ethanol solution (E30/60/90) and applied to artificially induced dentin lesions. Tagging effects were radiographically evaluated using transversal wavelength-independent microradiography (<i>n</i> = 6/group). Groups with sufficient tagging effects at the lowest SnCl<sub>2</sub> concentrations were used to evaluate how tagging affected the microtensile bond strength of a universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal) to sound and carious dentin (<i>n</i> = 10/group). Two different protocols for removing tagging material were tested: 15 s phosphoric acid etching and 5 s rotating brush application. Scanning/backscattered electron microscopy (SEM/BSE) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to assess surfaces after tagging and removal. The most promising removal protocol was revalidated microradiographically. Tagging significantly increased the radiopacity, with consistent effects for 30% SnCl<sub>2</sub> dissolved in water or E30. Microscopically, tagged surfaces showed a thick carpet of SnCl<sub>2</sub>, and tagging reduced bond strengths significantly on carious dentin but not on sound dentin (<i>p</i> < 0.01). On carious dentin, removal of tagging material using acid etching and rotating brush was microscopically confirmed. Acid etching also mitigated any bond strength reduction (median: 21.3 MPa; interquartile range: 10.8 MPa) compared with nontagged dentin (median: 17.4 MPa; interquartile range: 20.6 MPa). This was not the case for brushing (median: 13.2 MPa; interquartile range: 13.9 MPa). Acid etching minimally reduced the radiographic tagging effect (<i>p</i> = 0.055). Phosphoric acid etching reduces the detrimental bond-strength effects of tagging without significantly decreasing radiographic tagging effects when using a universal adhesive. |
topic |
bonding caries dental diagnostics radiography residual caries |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/17/3702 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT sophiatoelle improvingthebondstrengthofradiographicallytaggedcarieslesionsinvitro AT agnesholtkamp improvingthebondstrengthofradiographicallytaggedcarieslesionsinvitro AT uweblunck improvingthebondstrengthofradiographicallytaggedcarieslesionsinvitro AT sebastianparis improvingthebondstrengthofradiographicallytaggedcarieslesionsinvitro AT falkschwendicke improvingthebondstrengthofradiographicallytaggedcarieslesionsinvitro |
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