Thematic Review Series: Exosomes and Microvesicles: Lipids as Key Components of their Biogenesis and Functions, Cholesterol and the journey of extracellular vesicles
Eukaryotic cells employ distinct means to release specific signals and material. Research within the last decade has identified different types of membrane-enclosed structures collectively called extracellular vesicles (EVs) as one of them. EVs fall into two categories depending on their subcellular...
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doaj-d9c61f39cf944a80a13e6eb48b015f7d2021-04-29T04:37:28ZengElsevierJournal of Lipid Research0022-22752018-12-01591222552261Thematic Review Series: Exosomes and Microvesicles: Lipids as Key Components of their Biogenesis and Functions, Cholesterol and the journey of extracellular vesiclesFrank W. Pfrieger0Nicolas Vitale1To whom correspondence should be addressed. (F.W.P.); (N.V.); Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France; To whom correspondence should be addressed. (F.W.P.); (N.V.)To whom correspondence should be addressed. (F.W.P.); (N.V.); Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS UPR 3212 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France; INSERM, 75654 Paris Cedex 13, CNRS UPR 3212 and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France; and INSERM; To whom correspondence should be addressed. (F.W.P.); (N.V.)Eukaryotic cells employ distinct means to release specific signals and material. Research within the last decade has identified different types of membrane-enclosed structures collectively called extracellular vesicles (EVs) as one of them. EVs fall into two categories depending on their subcellular origin. Exosomes are generated within the endosomal system and reach the extracellular space upon fusion of multivesicular bodies. Microvesicles or microparticles are generated by shedding of the plasma membrane. Sterols are essential components of eukaryotic membranes and serve as precursors or cofactors of numerous signaling molecules; their content and subcellular distribution are tightly controlled. The prominent roles of sterols in cells raise the question of whether and how these components impact EVs. In this review, we compile evidence for cholesterol accumulation in EVs and discuss its possible contribution to their biogenesis, release, and uptake. We also consider potential implications of EVs in cellular sterol homeostasis and in cholesterol-related diseases.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520341511cellular cholesteroldiseases/dyslipidemiasmacrophages/monocytesplateletscholesterol/effluxatherosclerosis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Frank W. Pfrieger Nicolas Vitale |
spellingShingle |
Frank W. Pfrieger Nicolas Vitale Thematic Review Series: Exosomes and Microvesicles: Lipids as Key Components of their Biogenesis and Functions, Cholesterol and the journey of extracellular vesicles Journal of Lipid Research cellular cholesterol diseases/dyslipidemias macrophages/monocytes platelets cholesterol/efflux atherosclerosis |
author_facet |
Frank W. Pfrieger Nicolas Vitale |
author_sort |
Frank W. Pfrieger |
title |
Thematic Review Series: Exosomes and Microvesicles: Lipids as Key Components of their Biogenesis and Functions, Cholesterol and the journey of extracellular vesicles |
title_short |
Thematic Review Series: Exosomes and Microvesicles: Lipids as Key Components of their Biogenesis and Functions, Cholesterol and the journey of extracellular vesicles |
title_full |
Thematic Review Series: Exosomes and Microvesicles: Lipids as Key Components of their Biogenesis and Functions, Cholesterol and the journey of extracellular vesicles |
title_fullStr |
Thematic Review Series: Exosomes and Microvesicles: Lipids as Key Components of their Biogenesis and Functions, Cholesterol and the journey of extracellular vesicles |
title_full_unstemmed |
Thematic Review Series: Exosomes and Microvesicles: Lipids as Key Components of their Biogenesis and Functions, Cholesterol and the journey of extracellular vesicles |
title_sort |
thematic review series: exosomes and microvesicles: lipids as key components of their biogenesis and functions, cholesterol and the journey of extracellular vesicles |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Journal of Lipid Research |
issn |
0022-2275 |
publishDate |
2018-12-01 |
description |
Eukaryotic cells employ distinct means to release specific signals and material. Research within the last decade has identified different types of membrane-enclosed structures collectively called extracellular vesicles (EVs) as one of them. EVs fall into two categories depending on their subcellular origin. Exosomes are generated within the endosomal system and reach the extracellular space upon fusion of multivesicular bodies. Microvesicles or microparticles are generated by shedding of the plasma membrane. Sterols are essential components of eukaryotic membranes and serve as precursors or cofactors of numerous signaling molecules; their content and subcellular distribution are tightly controlled. The prominent roles of sterols in cells raise the question of whether and how these components impact EVs. In this review, we compile evidence for cholesterol accumulation in EVs and discuss its possible contribution to their biogenesis, release, and uptake. We also consider potential implications of EVs in cellular sterol homeostasis and in cholesterol-related diseases. |
topic |
cellular cholesterol diseases/dyslipidemias macrophages/monocytes platelets cholesterol/efflux atherosclerosis |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227520341511 |
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