Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Early-Stage Metabolic Dysfunction Independently of Adipose Tissue Deregulation
Several studies demonstrated a link between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the development of insulin resistance. However, the main event triggering insulin resistance in OSA remains to be clarified. Herein, we investigated the effect of mild and severe chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on whole...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-07-01
|
Series: | Antioxidants |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/8/1233 |
id |
doaj-da0e2e8685444052ab6a21799a99d221 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-da0e2e8685444052ab6a21799a99d2212021-08-26T13:28:41ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-07-01101233123310.3390/antiox10081233Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Early-Stage Metabolic Dysfunction Independently of Adipose Tissue DeregulationFátima O. Martins0Joana F. Sacramento1Elena Olea2Bernardete F. Melo3Jesus Prieto-Lloret4Ana Obeso5Asuncion Rocher6Paulo Matafome7Emilia C. Monteiro8Silvia V. Conde9CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, PortugalCEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, PortugalDepartamento de Enfermeria, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, SpainCEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, PortugalInstituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular (IBGM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, SpainInstituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular (IBGM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, SpainInstituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular (IBGM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, SpainInstitute of Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, PortugalCEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, PortugalCEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, PortugalSeveral studies demonstrated a link between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the development of insulin resistance. However, the main event triggering insulin resistance in OSA remains to be clarified. Herein, we investigated the effect of mild and severe chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on whole-body metabolic deregulation and visceral adipose tissue dysfunction. Moreover, we studied the contribution of obesity to CIH-induced dysmetabolic states. Experiments were performed in male Wistar rats submitted to a control and high-fat (HF) diet. Two CIH protocols were tested: A mild CIH paradigm (5/6 hypoxic (5% O<sub>2</sub>) cycles/h, 10.5 h/day) during 35 days and a severe CIH paradigm (30 hypoxic (5% O<sub>2</sub>) cycles, 8 h/day) during 15 days. Fasting glycemia, insulinemia, insulin sensitivity, weight, and fat mass were assessed. Adipose tissue hypoxia, inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and metabolism were investigated. Mild and severe CIH increased insulin levels and induced whole-body insulin resistance in control animals, effects not associated with weight gain. In control animals, CIH did not modify adipocytes perimeter as well as adipose tissue hypoxia, angiogenesis, inflammation or oxidative stress. In HF animals, severe CIH attenuated the increase in adipocytes perimeter, adipose tissue hypoxia, angiogenesis, and dysmetabolism. In conclusion, adipose tissue dysfunction is not the main trigger for initial dysmetabolism in CIH. CIH in an early stage might have a protective role against the deleterious effects of HF diet on adipose tissue metabolism.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/8/1233obstructive sleep apneametabolic dysfunctioninsulin resistanceadipose tissuehypoxiainflammation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Fátima O. Martins Joana F. Sacramento Elena Olea Bernardete F. Melo Jesus Prieto-Lloret Ana Obeso Asuncion Rocher Paulo Matafome Emilia C. Monteiro Silvia V. Conde |
spellingShingle |
Fátima O. Martins Joana F. Sacramento Elena Olea Bernardete F. Melo Jesus Prieto-Lloret Ana Obeso Asuncion Rocher Paulo Matafome Emilia C. Monteiro Silvia V. Conde Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Early-Stage Metabolic Dysfunction Independently of Adipose Tissue Deregulation Antioxidants obstructive sleep apnea metabolic dysfunction insulin resistance adipose tissue hypoxia inflammation |
author_facet |
Fátima O. Martins Joana F. Sacramento Elena Olea Bernardete F. Melo Jesus Prieto-Lloret Ana Obeso Asuncion Rocher Paulo Matafome Emilia C. Monteiro Silvia V. Conde |
author_sort |
Fátima O. Martins |
title |
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Early-Stage Metabolic Dysfunction Independently of Adipose Tissue Deregulation |
title_short |
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Early-Stage Metabolic Dysfunction Independently of Adipose Tissue Deregulation |
title_full |
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Early-Stage Metabolic Dysfunction Independently of Adipose Tissue Deregulation |
title_fullStr |
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Early-Stage Metabolic Dysfunction Independently of Adipose Tissue Deregulation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Early-Stage Metabolic Dysfunction Independently of Adipose Tissue Deregulation |
title_sort |
chronic intermittent hypoxia induces early-stage metabolic dysfunction independently of adipose tissue deregulation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Antioxidants |
issn |
2076-3921 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
Several studies demonstrated a link between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the development of insulin resistance. However, the main event triggering insulin resistance in OSA remains to be clarified. Herein, we investigated the effect of mild and severe chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) on whole-body metabolic deregulation and visceral adipose tissue dysfunction. Moreover, we studied the contribution of obesity to CIH-induced dysmetabolic states. Experiments were performed in male Wistar rats submitted to a control and high-fat (HF) diet. Two CIH protocols were tested: A mild CIH paradigm (5/6 hypoxic (5% O<sub>2</sub>) cycles/h, 10.5 h/day) during 35 days and a severe CIH paradigm (30 hypoxic (5% O<sub>2</sub>) cycles, 8 h/day) during 15 days. Fasting glycemia, insulinemia, insulin sensitivity, weight, and fat mass were assessed. Adipose tissue hypoxia, inflammation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and metabolism were investigated. Mild and severe CIH increased insulin levels and induced whole-body insulin resistance in control animals, effects not associated with weight gain. In control animals, CIH did not modify adipocytes perimeter as well as adipose tissue hypoxia, angiogenesis, inflammation or oxidative stress. In HF animals, severe CIH attenuated the increase in adipocytes perimeter, adipose tissue hypoxia, angiogenesis, and dysmetabolism. In conclusion, adipose tissue dysfunction is not the main trigger for initial dysmetabolism in CIH. CIH in an early stage might have a protective role against the deleterious effects of HF diet on adipose tissue metabolism. |
topic |
obstructive sleep apnea metabolic dysfunction insulin resistance adipose tissue hypoxia inflammation |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/8/1233 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT fatimaomartins chronicintermittenthypoxiainducesearlystagemetabolicdysfunctionindependentlyofadiposetissuederegulation AT joanafsacramento chronicintermittenthypoxiainducesearlystagemetabolicdysfunctionindependentlyofadiposetissuederegulation AT elenaolea chronicintermittenthypoxiainducesearlystagemetabolicdysfunctionindependentlyofadiposetissuederegulation AT bernardetefmelo chronicintermittenthypoxiainducesearlystagemetabolicdysfunctionindependentlyofadiposetissuederegulation AT jesusprietolloret chronicintermittenthypoxiainducesearlystagemetabolicdysfunctionindependentlyofadiposetissuederegulation AT anaobeso chronicintermittenthypoxiainducesearlystagemetabolicdysfunctionindependentlyofadiposetissuederegulation AT asuncionrocher chronicintermittenthypoxiainducesearlystagemetabolicdysfunctionindependentlyofadiposetissuederegulation AT paulomatafome chronicintermittenthypoxiainducesearlystagemetabolicdysfunctionindependentlyofadiposetissuederegulation AT emiliacmonteiro chronicintermittenthypoxiainducesearlystagemetabolicdysfunctionindependentlyofadiposetissuederegulation AT silviavconde chronicintermittenthypoxiainducesearlystagemetabolicdysfunctionindependentlyofadiposetissuederegulation |
_version_ |
1721195194884292608 |