The Pain–to–Well-Being Relationship in Patients Experiencing Chronic Orofacial Pain
Introduction: Orofacial pain features may negatively influence a person's well-being and vice versa. Some aspects of well-being can be measured with axis II instruments that assess patients' psychosocial and behavioral status. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between p...
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doaj-da69beeddc1b46418df22be16aa6c1852020-12-08T08:36:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952020-12-011110.3389/fneur.2020.557415557415The Pain–to–Well-Being Relationship in Patients Experiencing Chronic Orofacial PainKanokporn Bhalang0Beat Steiger1Nenad Lukic2Aleksandra Zumbrunn Wojczyńska3Ray S. Hovijitra4Dominik A. Ettlin5Dominik A. Ettlin6Dominik A. Ettlin7Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, ThailandDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Services Aargau, Aarau, SwitzerlandOrofacial Pain Unit, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandOrofacial Pain Unit, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandDental Center, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok, ThailandOrofacial Pain Unit, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandSão Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Berne, SwitzerlandIntroduction: Orofacial pain features may negatively influence a person's well-being and vice versa. Some aspects of well-being can be measured with axis II instruments that assess patients' psychosocial and behavioral status. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between pain features and psychosocial variables as indicators of well-being.Materials and Methods: Seven hundred ninety-nine anonymized datasets collected using the Web-based Interdisciplinary Symptom Evaluation (WISE) of patients reporting to the Interdisciplinary Orofacial Pain Unit, University of Zurich, between March 19, 2017 and May 19, 2019, were analyzed. Pain features including intensity, number of locations, impact, and duration were evaluated. Psychometric measures assessed pain-related catastrophizing and disability, illness perception, distress, anxiety, depression, injustice experience, dysmorphic concerns, and insomnia.Results: Most patients were between 30 and 59 years old (58.3%), female (69.8%), working (66.0%), and experienced pain for more than 6 months (68.5%). Pain intensities were higher in women than men and higher in disabled than working patients. Scores indicating elevated stress and depression were also observed in disabled patients. The sample prevalence rates of clinically relevant axis II instrument scores were as follows: Graded Chronic Pain Scale for the Head (GCPS-H), 27%; Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (PHQ4), 21%; PHQ9, 21%; Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), 20%; General Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD7), 15%; Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), 15%; Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), 14%; GCPS for the Body (GCPS-B), 13%; PHQ for Stress (PHQstr), 6%; and Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ), 2%. Noteworthy results of correlation analysis of the clinically relevant axis II scores and pain measures were as follows: the PHQstr had moderate associations (0.34–0.43) with the sum of pain intensity at rest and during function, number of pain locations, and typical pain intensity. The IEQ scores were moderately associated with typical pain intensity at 0.39. The DCQ scores were moderately associated with pain extension at 0.41.Conclusions: Moderate correlations of certain pain and well-being measures were found in patients reporting clinically relevant stress, injustice experience, and dysmorphic concern, all of which reflect impaired well-being. PHQ4 is suitable for routine distress screening in the clinical setting.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2020.557415/fullinjusticestresswell-beingorofacial paindysmorphic |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kanokporn Bhalang Beat Steiger Nenad Lukic Aleksandra Zumbrunn Wojczyńska Ray S. Hovijitra Dominik A. Ettlin Dominik A. Ettlin Dominik A. Ettlin |
spellingShingle |
Kanokporn Bhalang Beat Steiger Nenad Lukic Aleksandra Zumbrunn Wojczyńska Ray S. Hovijitra Dominik A. Ettlin Dominik A. Ettlin Dominik A. Ettlin The Pain–to–Well-Being Relationship in Patients Experiencing Chronic Orofacial Pain Frontiers in Neurology injustice stress well-being orofacial pain dysmorphic |
author_facet |
Kanokporn Bhalang Beat Steiger Nenad Lukic Aleksandra Zumbrunn Wojczyńska Ray S. Hovijitra Dominik A. Ettlin Dominik A. Ettlin Dominik A. Ettlin |
author_sort |
Kanokporn Bhalang |
title |
The Pain–to–Well-Being Relationship in Patients Experiencing Chronic Orofacial Pain |
title_short |
The Pain–to–Well-Being Relationship in Patients Experiencing Chronic Orofacial Pain |
title_full |
The Pain–to–Well-Being Relationship in Patients Experiencing Chronic Orofacial Pain |
title_fullStr |
The Pain–to–Well-Being Relationship in Patients Experiencing Chronic Orofacial Pain |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Pain–to–Well-Being Relationship in Patients Experiencing Chronic Orofacial Pain |
title_sort |
pain–to–well-being relationship in patients experiencing chronic orofacial pain |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Neurology |
issn |
1664-2295 |
publishDate |
2020-12-01 |
description |
Introduction: Orofacial pain features may negatively influence a person's well-being and vice versa. Some aspects of well-being can be measured with axis II instruments that assess patients' psychosocial and behavioral status. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between pain features and psychosocial variables as indicators of well-being.Materials and Methods: Seven hundred ninety-nine anonymized datasets collected using the Web-based Interdisciplinary Symptom Evaluation (WISE) of patients reporting to the Interdisciplinary Orofacial Pain Unit, University of Zurich, between March 19, 2017 and May 19, 2019, were analyzed. Pain features including intensity, number of locations, impact, and duration were evaluated. Psychometric measures assessed pain-related catastrophizing and disability, illness perception, distress, anxiety, depression, injustice experience, dysmorphic concerns, and insomnia.Results: Most patients were between 30 and 59 years old (58.3%), female (69.8%), working (66.0%), and experienced pain for more than 6 months (68.5%). Pain intensities were higher in women than men and higher in disabled than working patients. Scores indicating elevated stress and depression were also observed in disabled patients. The sample prevalence rates of clinically relevant axis II instrument scores were as follows: Graded Chronic Pain Scale for the Head (GCPS-H), 27%; Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (PHQ4), 21%; PHQ9, 21%; Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), 20%; General Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD7), 15%; Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), 15%; Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), 14%; GCPS for the Body (GCPS-B), 13%; PHQ for Stress (PHQstr), 6%; and Dysmorphic Concern Questionnaire (DCQ), 2%. Noteworthy results of correlation analysis of the clinically relevant axis II scores and pain measures were as follows: the PHQstr had moderate associations (0.34–0.43) with the sum of pain intensity at rest and during function, number of pain locations, and typical pain intensity. The IEQ scores were moderately associated with typical pain intensity at 0.39. The DCQ scores were moderately associated with pain extension at 0.41.Conclusions: Moderate correlations of certain pain and well-being measures were found in patients reporting clinically relevant stress, injustice experience, and dysmorphic concern, all of which reflect impaired well-being. PHQ4 is suitable for routine distress screening in the clinical setting. |
topic |
injustice stress well-being orofacial pain dysmorphic |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2020.557415/full |
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