| Summary: | Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) have some limitations, such as their low surface area, high bandgap energy, and low recycling ability. To overcome these limitations, TiO<sub>2</sub> can be prepared in microscale/macroscale structures. TiO<sub>2</sub> microscale structures, in comparison with TiO<sub>2</sub> nanopowder, have higher surface areas, more tunable pore structures, and better top photocatalytic activity. In contrast, for TiO<sub>2 </sub>macroscale structures, although the surface area is lower than TiO<sub>2</sub> nanopowder in many cases, they still achieve similar or better photocatalytic performance due to their unique properties. Moreover, both TiO<sub>2</sub> microscale and macroscale structures can be easily recovered from reaction media. The difference between these two types of TiO<sub>2</sub> structures is a function not only of size but also of the preparation process. Every type of TiO<sub>2</sub> structure has its own advantages and disadvantages, as will be discussed further in the following pages. Future perspectives on this research field also will be discussed.
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