| Summary: | Two new chromone-derived polyketides phaseolorins, G and H (<b>1</b> and <b>2</b>), and one new anthraquinone derivative, phaseolorin I (<b>3</b>), together with three known compounds (<b>4</b>−<b>6</b>), were isolated from the deep-sea sediment-derived fungus <i>Diaporthe phaseolorum</i> FS431. The structures of the new compounds were determined by comprehensive analysis of their spectroscopic data, and the absolute configuration of <b>1</b> was established by quantum chemical calculations of electron capture detection (ECD). All the isolated compounds (<b>1</b>−<b>6</b>) were tested for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against four human tumor cell lines, of which compound <b>4</b> exhibited significant effect against MCF-7, HepG-2, and A549 tumor cell lines with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 2.60, 2.55, and 4.64 µM, respectively.
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