In-Water Cleaning and Capture to Remove Ship Biofouling: An Initial Evaluation of Efficacy and Environmental Safety
Biofouling is a long-standing challenge for ships because it can interfere with operations and increases vessel drag, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. More recently, ship biofouling has also been recognized as a leading vector for global transfers and introductions of marine non-indigenous sp...
Main Authors: | Mario N. Tamburri, Ian C. Davidson, Matthew R. First, Christopher Scianni, Katherine Newcomer, Graeme J. Inglis, Eugene T. Georgiades, Janet M. Barnes, Gregory M. Ruiz |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-06-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2020.00437/full |
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