Co-Circulation of Phleboviruses and <i>Leishmania</i> Parasites in Sand Flies from a Single Site in Italy Monitored between 2017 and 2020
Sand flies transmit <i>Leishmania infantum</i>, which is responsible for causing leishmaniasis, as well as many phleboviruses, including the human pathogenic Toscana virus. We screened sand flies collected from a single site between 2017 and 2020 for the presence of both phleboviruses an...
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doaj-dc2b7f33f2014ed1b98d2dde5f0809812021-08-26T14:27:16ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-08-01131660166010.3390/v13081660Co-Circulation of Phleboviruses and <i>Leishmania</i> Parasites in Sand Flies from a Single Site in Italy Monitored between 2017 and 2020Mattia Calzolari0Giuseppe Romeo1Emanuele Callegari2Paolo Bonilauri3Chiara Chiapponi4Elena Carra5Gianluca Rugna6Roberta Taddei7Davide Lelli8Michele Dottori9Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) “B. Ubertini”, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124 Brescia, ItalySand flies transmit <i>Leishmania infantum</i>, which is responsible for causing leishmaniasis, as well as many phleboviruses, including the human pathogenic Toscana virus. We screened sand flies collected from a single site between 2017 and 2020 for the presence of both phleboviruses and <i>Leishmania</i>. The sand flies were sampled with attractive carbon dioxide traps and CDC light traps between May and October. We collected more than 50,000 sand flies; 2826 were identified at the species level as <i>Phlebotomus perfiliewi</i> (98%) or <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> (2%). A total of 16,789 sand flies were tested in 355 pools, and phleboviruses were found in 61 pools (6 Toscana virus positive pools, 2 Corfou virus positive pools, 42 Fermo virus positive pools, and 7 Ponticelli virus positive pools, and 4 unidentified phlebovirus positive pools). <i>Leishmania</i> was found in 75 pools and both microorganisms were detected in 16 pools. We isolated nine phleboviruses from another 2960 sand flies (five Ponticelli viruses and for Fermo viruses), not tested for <i>Leishmania</i>; the complete genome of a Fermo virus isolate was sequenced. The simultaneous detection in space and time of the Fermo virus and <i>L. infantum</i> is evidence that supports the co-circulation of both microorganisms in the same location and partial overlap of their cycles. A detailed characterization of the epidemiology of these microorganisms will support measures to limit their transmission.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/8/1660sand fly<i>phlebotomus perfiliewi</i><i>phlebotomus perniciosus</i><i>leishmania infantum</i><i>phlebovirus</i>toscana virus |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mattia Calzolari Giuseppe Romeo Emanuele Callegari Paolo Bonilauri Chiara Chiapponi Elena Carra Gianluca Rugna Roberta Taddei Davide Lelli Michele Dottori |
spellingShingle |
Mattia Calzolari Giuseppe Romeo Emanuele Callegari Paolo Bonilauri Chiara Chiapponi Elena Carra Gianluca Rugna Roberta Taddei Davide Lelli Michele Dottori Co-Circulation of Phleboviruses and <i>Leishmania</i> Parasites in Sand Flies from a Single Site in Italy Monitored between 2017 and 2020 Viruses sand fly <i>phlebotomus perfiliewi</i> <i>phlebotomus perniciosus</i> <i>leishmania infantum</i> <i>phlebovirus</i> toscana virus |
author_facet |
Mattia Calzolari Giuseppe Romeo Emanuele Callegari Paolo Bonilauri Chiara Chiapponi Elena Carra Gianluca Rugna Roberta Taddei Davide Lelli Michele Dottori |
author_sort |
Mattia Calzolari |
title |
Co-Circulation of Phleboviruses and <i>Leishmania</i> Parasites in Sand Flies from a Single Site in Italy Monitored between 2017 and 2020 |
title_short |
Co-Circulation of Phleboviruses and <i>Leishmania</i> Parasites in Sand Flies from a Single Site in Italy Monitored between 2017 and 2020 |
title_full |
Co-Circulation of Phleboviruses and <i>Leishmania</i> Parasites in Sand Flies from a Single Site in Italy Monitored between 2017 and 2020 |
title_fullStr |
Co-Circulation of Phleboviruses and <i>Leishmania</i> Parasites in Sand Flies from a Single Site in Italy Monitored between 2017 and 2020 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Co-Circulation of Phleboviruses and <i>Leishmania</i> Parasites in Sand Flies from a Single Site in Italy Monitored between 2017 and 2020 |
title_sort |
co-circulation of phleboviruses and <i>leishmania</i> parasites in sand flies from a single site in italy monitored between 2017 and 2020 |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Viruses |
issn |
1999-4915 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Sand flies transmit <i>Leishmania infantum</i>, which is responsible for causing leishmaniasis, as well as many phleboviruses, including the human pathogenic Toscana virus. We screened sand flies collected from a single site between 2017 and 2020 for the presence of both phleboviruses and <i>Leishmania</i>. The sand flies were sampled with attractive carbon dioxide traps and CDC light traps between May and October. We collected more than 50,000 sand flies; 2826 were identified at the species level as <i>Phlebotomus perfiliewi</i> (98%) or <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> (2%). A total of 16,789 sand flies were tested in 355 pools, and phleboviruses were found in 61 pools (6 Toscana virus positive pools, 2 Corfou virus positive pools, 42 Fermo virus positive pools, and 7 Ponticelli virus positive pools, and 4 unidentified phlebovirus positive pools). <i>Leishmania</i> was found in 75 pools and both microorganisms were detected in 16 pools. We isolated nine phleboviruses from another 2960 sand flies (five Ponticelli viruses and for Fermo viruses), not tested for <i>Leishmania</i>; the complete genome of a Fermo virus isolate was sequenced. The simultaneous detection in space and time of the Fermo virus and <i>L. infantum</i> is evidence that supports the co-circulation of both microorganisms in the same location and partial overlap of their cycles. A detailed characterization of the epidemiology of these microorganisms will support measures to limit their transmission. |
topic |
sand fly <i>phlebotomus perfiliewi</i> <i>phlebotomus perniciosus</i> <i>leishmania infantum</i> <i>phlebovirus</i> toscana virus |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/8/1660 |
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