Transport Models of Ammonium Nitrogen in Wastewater from Rare Earth Smelteries by Reverse Osmosis Membranes
Wastewater from rare earth smelteries contains large amounts of ammonium nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N), which causes severe environmental problems. In this contribution, the desalination efficiency of reverse osmosis (RO) was investigated in the treatment of NH<s...
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doaj-dc668acc17c248b186cb489d27846bc42020-11-25T03:11:29ZengMDPI AGSustainability2071-10502020-08-01126230623010.3390/su12156230Transport Models of Ammonium Nitrogen in Wastewater from Rare Earth Smelteries by Reverse Osmosis MembranesShuanglin Gui0Zhaohuan Mai1Jiaqi Fu2Yuansong Wei3Jinbao Wan4College of Environmental Resources and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, ChinaInstitute of Energy Conversion, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, ChinaInstitute of Energy Conversion, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, ChinaInstitute of Energy Conversion, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, ChinaCollege of Environmental Resources and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330029, ChinaWastewater from rare earth smelteries contains large amounts of ammonium nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N), which causes severe environmental problems. In this contribution, the desalination efficiency of reverse osmosis (RO) was investigated in the treatment of NH<sub>4</sub>Cl or NaCl solutions from 0.1 to 40 g/L under different operating pressures with a commercial RO membrane. Experimental results showed that when an operating pressure above 30 bar is applied to the 5 g/L NH<sub>4</sub>Cl solution, the permeate was found to meet the discharge standards of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N. Compared to NH<sub>4</sub>Cl, the permeate fluxes of NaCl solutions were higher due to the higher net driving force and lower propensity to membrane fouling. Theoretical models indicate a linear relationship between water flux and the net driving force for both NH<sub>4</sub>Cl and NaCl solutions. On the contrary, a power function between the salt flux and concentration difference correlated well with the experimental data for salt transport. The equations for water and salt transport obtained by this work would provide a facile and practical means for predicting the membrane performance in design and optimization of RO processes for the treatment of wastewater from the rare earth industry.https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/15/6230ammonium nitrogenreverse osmosismass-transfer modelconcentration polarizationrare earth industry |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Shuanglin Gui Zhaohuan Mai Jiaqi Fu Yuansong Wei Jinbao Wan |
spellingShingle |
Shuanglin Gui Zhaohuan Mai Jiaqi Fu Yuansong Wei Jinbao Wan Transport Models of Ammonium Nitrogen in Wastewater from Rare Earth Smelteries by Reverse Osmosis Membranes Sustainability ammonium nitrogen reverse osmosis mass-transfer model concentration polarization rare earth industry |
author_facet |
Shuanglin Gui Zhaohuan Mai Jiaqi Fu Yuansong Wei Jinbao Wan |
author_sort |
Shuanglin Gui |
title |
Transport Models of Ammonium Nitrogen in Wastewater from Rare Earth Smelteries by Reverse Osmosis Membranes |
title_short |
Transport Models of Ammonium Nitrogen in Wastewater from Rare Earth Smelteries by Reverse Osmosis Membranes |
title_full |
Transport Models of Ammonium Nitrogen in Wastewater from Rare Earth Smelteries by Reverse Osmosis Membranes |
title_fullStr |
Transport Models of Ammonium Nitrogen in Wastewater from Rare Earth Smelteries by Reverse Osmosis Membranes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Transport Models of Ammonium Nitrogen in Wastewater from Rare Earth Smelteries by Reverse Osmosis Membranes |
title_sort |
transport models of ammonium nitrogen in wastewater from rare earth smelteries by reverse osmosis membranes |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sustainability |
issn |
2071-1050 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
Wastewater from rare earth smelteries contains large amounts of ammonium nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N), which causes severe environmental problems. In this contribution, the desalination efficiency of reverse osmosis (RO) was investigated in the treatment of NH<sub>4</sub>Cl or NaCl solutions from 0.1 to 40 g/L under different operating pressures with a commercial RO membrane. Experimental results showed that when an operating pressure above 30 bar is applied to the 5 g/L NH<sub>4</sub>Cl solution, the permeate was found to meet the discharge standards of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N. Compared to NH<sub>4</sub>Cl, the permeate fluxes of NaCl solutions were higher due to the higher net driving force and lower propensity to membrane fouling. Theoretical models indicate a linear relationship between water flux and the net driving force for both NH<sub>4</sub>Cl and NaCl solutions. On the contrary, a power function between the salt flux and concentration difference correlated well with the experimental data for salt transport. The equations for water and salt transport obtained by this work would provide a facile and practical means for predicting the membrane performance in design and optimization of RO processes for the treatment of wastewater from the rare earth industry. |
topic |
ammonium nitrogen reverse osmosis mass-transfer model concentration polarization rare earth industry |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/15/6230 |
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