Factors Associated with Happiness among Malaysian Elderly

• Main Authors: Shamsul Azhar Shah, Nazarudin Safian, Saharuddin Ahmad, Wan Abdul Hannan Wan Ibadullah, Zulkefley bin Mohammad, Siti Rohani Nurumal, Juliana Mansor, Mohd Fairuz Addnan, Yugo Shobugawa
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-04-01
• Series: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
• Subjects: happiness; factor; elderly; Japan gerontological evaluation study
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/7/3831
• ISSN: 1661-7827; 1660-4601

Happiness is an essential component to experience healthy ageing. Hence, understanding the factors that contribute to happiness is important. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with happiness among the elderly population in Malaysia. In this study, 1204 respondents were recruited from urban and rural areas in Selangor. A face-to-face interview was conducted using the Bahasa Malaysia version of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study questionnaire. The inclusion criteria include Malaysians who are 60-years old and above and can converse in the Malaysian language. Those who encounter less than seven scores for the Abbreviated Mental Test were excluded from the study. Among the 1204 respondents, 953 (79.2%) were happy. Sociodemographic characteristics showed that being a men, age of 60 to 74 years, and living in urban areas were significantly associated with happiness. A logistic regression model showed that locality (aOR 1.61), income category (Bottom 40% aOR 0.49; Middle-class group 40% aOR 1.40), social engagement (active aOR 1.77; less active aOR 1.25), receiving emotional support (aOR 2.11) and handgrip strength (aOR 1.02) were significantly associated with happiness. Thus, ensuring the elderly population in receiving emotional support and active social engagement among them can enhance their happiness level.