Multiscale Analysis of the Microstructure and Stress Evolution in Cold Work Die Steel during Deep Cryogenic Treatment
Through a combination of 3D representative volume element (RVE) and the metallo-thermo-mechanical coupling finite element (FE) analysis, a multiscale model was established to explore the localized characteristics of microstructure and stress evolution during deep cryogenic treatment (DCT). The resul...
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doaj-dc7fb4059a0e46fd865ceab296e614e02020-11-24T21:45:45ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442018-10-011111212210.3390/ma11112122ma11112122Multiscale Analysis of the Microstructure and Stress Evolution in Cold Work Die Steel during Deep Cryogenic TreatmentJunwan Li0Xin Cai1Yiwen Wang2Xiaochun Wu3School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaThrough a combination of 3D representative volume element (RVE) and the metallo-thermo-mechanical coupling finite element (FE) analysis, a multiscale model was established to explore the localized characteristics of microstructure and stress evolution during deep cryogenic treatment (DCT). The results suggest that after cooling to near −160 °C, the largest intensity of martensite is formed, but the retained austenite cannot be eliminated completely until the end of DCT. The driving force for the precipitation of fine and uniform carbides during DCT is provided by the competition between the thermal and phase transformation stresses. Compared with the thermal stress, the phase transformation stress during DCT plays a more significant role. At the interface between retained austenite and martensite, a reduction of around 15.5% retained austenite even induces an obvious increase in the phase transformation stress about 1100 MPa. During DCT, the maximum effective stress in RVE even exceeds 1000 MPa, which may provide a required driving force for the precipitation of fine and homogeneously distributed carbide particles during DCT.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/11/2122deep cryogenic treatmentmultiscale analysisRVEmicrostructure evolutionstress evolution |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Junwan Li Xin Cai Yiwen Wang Xiaochun Wu |
spellingShingle |
Junwan Li Xin Cai Yiwen Wang Xiaochun Wu Multiscale Analysis of the Microstructure and Stress Evolution in Cold Work Die Steel during Deep Cryogenic Treatment Materials deep cryogenic treatment multiscale analysis RVE microstructure evolution stress evolution |
author_facet |
Junwan Li Xin Cai Yiwen Wang Xiaochun Wu |
author_sort |
Junwan Li |
title |
Multiscale Analysis of the Microstructure and Stress Evolution in Cold Work Die Steel during Deep Cryogenic Treatment |
title_short |
Multiscale Analysis of the Microstructure and Stress Evolution in Cold Work Die Steel during Deep Cryogenic Treatment |
title_full |
Multiscale Analysis of the Microstructure and Stress Evolution in Cold Work Die Steel during Deep Cryogenic Treatment |
title_fullStr |
Multiscale Analysis of the Microstructure and Stress Evolution in Cold Work Die Steel during Deep Cryogenic Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multiscale Analysis of the Microstructure and Stress Evolution in Cold Work Die Steel during Deep Cryogenic Treatment |
title_sort |
multiscale analysis of the microstructure and stress evolution in cold work die steel during deep cryogenic treatment |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2018-10-01 |
description |
Through a combination of 3D representative volume element (RVE) and the metallo-thermo-mechanical coupling finite element (FE) analysis, a multiscale model was established to explore the localized characteristics of microstructure and stress evolution during deep cryogenic treatment (DCT). The results suggest that after cooling to near −160 °C, the largest intensity of martensite is formed, but the retained austenite cannot be eliminated completely until the end of DCT. The driving force for the precipitation of fine and uniform carbides during DCT is provided by the competition between the thermal and phase transformation stresses. Compared with the thermal stress, the phase transformation stress during DCT plays a more significant role. At the interface between retained austenite and martensite, a reduction of around 15.5% retained austenite even induces an obvious increase in the phase transformation stress about 1100 MPa. During DCT, the maximum effective stress in RVE even exceeds 1000 MPa, which may provide a required driving force for the precipitation of fine and homogeneously distributed carbide particles during DCT. |
topic |
deep cryogenic treatment multiscale analysis RVE microstructure evolution stress evolution |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/11/2122 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1725904432757997568 |