Nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso and Mali, and its impact on the incidence of clinical malaria
Abstract Background Malaria and malnutrition remain major problems in Sahel countries, especially in young children. The direct effect of malnutrition on malaria remains poorly understood, and may have important implications for malaria control. In this study, nutritional status and the association...
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2021-06-01
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Series: | Malaria Journal |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03802-2 |
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Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mariken de Wit Matthew Cairns Yves Daniel Compaoré Issaka Sagara Irene Kuepfer Issaka Zongo Amadou Barry Modibo Diarra Amadou Tapily Samba Coumare Ismaila Thera Frederic Nikiema R. Serge Yerbanga Rosemonde M. Guissou Halidou Tinto Alassane Dicko Daniel Chandramohan Brian Greenwood Jean Bosco Ouedraogo |
spellingShingle |
Mariken de Wit Matthew Cairns Yves Daniel Compaoré Issaka Sagara Irene Kuepfer Issaka Zongo Amadou Barry Modibo Diarra Amadou Tapily Samba Coumare Ismaila Thera Frederic Nikiema R. Serge Yerbanga Rosemonde M. Guissou Halidou Tinto Alassane Dicko Daniel Chandramohan Brian Greenwood Jean Bosco Ouedraogo Nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso and Mali, and its impact on the incidence of clinical malaria Malaria Journal Malaria Chronic malnutrition Acute malnutrition Seasonal malaria chemoprevention Burkina Faso Mali |
author_facet |
Mariken de Wit Matthew Cairns Yves Daniel Compaoré Issaka Sagara Irene Kuepfer Issaka Zongo Amadou Barry Modibo Diarra Amadou Tapily Samba Coumare Ismaila Thera Frederic Nikiema R. Serge Yerbanga Rosemonde M. Guissou Halidou Tinto Alassane Dicko Daniel Chandramohan Brian Greenwood Jean Bosco Ouedraogo |
author_sort |
Mariken de Wit |
title |
Nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso and Mali, and its impact on the incidence of clinical malaria |
title_short |
Nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso and Mali, and its impact on the incidence of clinical malaria |
title_full |
Nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso and Mali, and its impact on the incidence of clinical malaria |
title_fullStr |
Nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso and Mali, and its impact on the incidence of clinical malaria |
title_full_unstemmed |
Nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso and Mali, and its impact on the incidence of clinical malaria |
title_sort |
nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria transmission season in burkina faso and mali, and its impact on the incidence of clinical malaria |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Malaria Journal |
issn |
1475-2875 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Malaria and malnutrition remain major problems in Sahel countries, especially in young children. The direct effect of malnutrition on malaria remains poorly understood, and may have important implications for malaria control. In this study, nutritional status and the association between malnutrition and subsequent incidence of symptomatic malaria were examined in children in Burkina Faso and Mali who received either azithromycin or placebo, alongside seasonal malaria chemoprevention. Methods Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was measured in all 20,185 children who attended a screening visit prior to the malaria transmission season in 2015. Prior to the 2016 malaria season, weight, height and MUAC were measured among 4149 randomly selected children. Height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and MUAC-for-age were calculated as indicators of nutritional status. Malaria incidence was measured during the following rainy seasons. Multivariable random effects Poisson models were created for each nutritional indicator to study the effect of malnutrition on clinical malaria incidence for each country. Results In both 2015 and 2016, nutritional status prior to the malaria season was poor. The most prevalent form of malnutrition in Burkina Faso was being underweight (30.5%; 95% CI 28.6–32.6), whereas in Mali stunting was most prevalent (27.5%; 95% CI 25.6–29.5). In 2016, clinical malaria incidence was 675 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 613–744) in Burkina Faso, and 1245 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 1152–1347) in Mali. There was some evidence that severe stunting was associated with lower incidence of malaria in Mali (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.64–1.02; p = 0.08), but this association was not seen in Burkina Faso. Being moderately underweight tended to be associated with higher incidence of clinical malaria in Burkina Faso (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98–1.64; p = 0.07), while this was the case in Mali for moderate wasting (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98–1.64; p = 0.07). However, these associations were not observed in severely affected children, nor consistent between countries. MUAC-for-age was not associated with malaria risk. Conclusions Both malnutrition and malaria were common in the study areas, high despite high coverage of seasonal malaria chemoprevention and long-lasting insecticidal nets. However, no strong or consistent evidence was found for an association between any of the nutritional indicators and the subsequent incidence of clinical malaria. |
topic |
Malaria Chronic malnutrition Acute malnutrition Seasonal malaria chemoprevention Burkina Faso Mali |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03802-2 |
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doaj-dc8549a2af894af2a7a7b29c1ab2f1382021-06-27T11:46:10ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752021-06-0120111310.1186/s12936-021-03802-2Nutritional status in young children prior to the malaria transmission season in Burkina Faso and Mali, and its impact on the incidence of clinical malariaMariken de Wit0Matthew Cairns1Yves Daniel Compaoré2Issaka Sagara3Irene Kuepfer4Issaka Zongo5Amadou Barry6Modibo Diarra7Amadou Tapily8Samba Coumare9Ismaila Thera10Frederic Nikiema11R. Serge Yerbanga12Rosemonde M. Guissou13Halidou Tinto14Alassane Dicko15Daniel Chandramohan16Brian Greenwood17Jean Bosco Ouedraogo18London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineInstitut de Recherche en Sciences de La SantéMalaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques, and Technologies of BamakoLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineInstitut de Recherche en Sciences de La SantéMalaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques, and Technologies of BamakoMalaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques, and Technologies of BamakoMalaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques, and Technologies of BamakoMalaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques, and Technologies of BamakoMalaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques, and Technologies of BamakoInstitut de Recherche en Sciences de La SantéInstitut de Recherche en Sciences de La SantéInstitut de Recherche en Sciences de La SantéInstitut de Recherche en Sciences de La SantéMalaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques, and Technologies of BamakoLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineInstitut de Recherche en Sciences de La SantéAbstract Background Malaria and malnutrition remain major problems in Sahel countries, especially in young children. The direct effect of malnutrition on malaria remains poorly understood, and may have important implications for malaria control. In this study, nutritional status and the association between malnutrition and subsequent incidence of symptomatic malaria were examined in children in Burkina Faso and Mali who received either azithromycin or placebo, alongside seasonal malaria chemoprevention. Methods Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) was measured in all 20,185 children who attended a screening visit prior to the malaria transmission season in 2015. Prior to the 2016 malaria season, weight, height and MUAC were measured among 4149 randomly selected children. Height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and MUAC-for-age were calculated as indicators of nutritional status. Malaria incidence was measured during the following rainy seasons. Multivariable random effects Poisson models were created for each nutritional indicator to study the effect of malnutrition on clinical malaria incidence for each country. Results In both 2015 and 2016, nutritional status prior to the malaria season was poor. The most prevalent form of malnutrition in Burkina Faso was being underweight (30.5%; 95% CI 28.6–32.6), whereas in Mali stunting was most prevalent (27.5%; 95% CI 25.6–29.5). In 2016, clinical malaria incidence was 675 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 613–744) in Burkina Faso, and 1245 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 1152–1347) in Mali. There was some evidence that severe stunting was associated with lower incidence of malaria in Mali (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.64–1.02; p = 0.08), but this association was not seen in Burkina Faso. Being moderately underweight tended to be associated with higher incidence of clinical malaria in Burkina Faso (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98–1.64; p = 0.07), while this was the case in Mali for moderate wasting (RR 1.27; 95% CI 0.98–1.64; p = 0.07). However, these associations were not observed in severely affected children, nor consistent between countries. MUAC-for-age was not associated with malaria risk. Conclusions Both malnutrition and malaria were common in the study areas, high despite high coverage of seasonal malaria chemoprevention and long-lasting insecticidal nets. However, no strong or consistent evidence was found for an association between any of the nutritional indicators and the subsequent incidence of clinical malaria.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03802-2MalariaChronic malnutritionAcute malnutritionSeasonal malaria chemopreventionBurkina FasoMali |