Fish, Fish Oils and Cardioprotection: Promise or Fish Tale?
Fish and commercially available fish oil preparations are rich sources of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the most important fatty acids in fish oil. Following dietary intake, these fatty acids get incorporated into the c...
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doaj-dcbac0d71538405882f41794855983a02020-11-24T22:57:26ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672018-11-011912370310.3390/ijms19123703ijms19123703Fish, Fish Oils and Cardioprotection: Promise or Fish Tale?Akshay Goel0Naga Venkata Pothineni1Mayank Singhal2Hakan Paydak3Tom Saldeen4Jawahar L. Mehta5Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USADivision of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USACape Fear Valley Hospital, Fayetteville, NC 28304, USADivision of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USADivision of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USADivision of Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USAFish and commercially available fish oil preparations are rich sources of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the most important fatty acids in fish oil. Following dietary intake, these fatty acids get incorporated into the cell membrane phospholipids throughout the body, especially in the heart and brain. They play an important role in early brain development during infancy, and have also been shown to be of benefit in dementia, depression, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Early epidemiologic studies show an inverse relationship between fish consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease. This led to the identification of the cardioprotective role of these marine-derived fatty acids. Many experimental studies and some clinical trials have documented the benefits of fish oil supplementation in decreasing the incidence and progression of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, and stroke. Possible mechanisms include reduction in triglycerides, alteration in membrane fluidity, modulation of cardiac ion channels, and anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and anti-arrhythmic effects. Fish oil supplements are generally safe, and the risk of toxicity with methylmercury, an environmental toxin found in fish, is minimal. Current guidelines recommend the consumption of either one to two servings of oily fish per week or daily fish oil supplements (around 1 g of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids per day) in adults. However, recent large-scale studies have failed to demonstrate any benefit of fish oil supplements on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. Here, we review the different trials that evaluated the role of fish oil in cardiovascular diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/12/3703fish oilomega-3 fatty acidseicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)cardiovascular disease |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Akshay Goel Naga Venkata Pothineni Mayank Singhal Hakan Paydak Tom Saldeen Jawahar L. Mehta |
spellingShingle |
Akshay Goel Naga Venkata Pothineni Mayank Singhal Hakan Paydak Tom Saldeen Jawahar L. Mehta Fish, Fish Oils and Cardioprotection: Promise or Fish Tale? International Journal of Molecular Sciences fish oil omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) cardiovascular disease |
author_facet |
Akshay Goel Naga Venkata Pothineni Mayank Singhal Hakan Paydak Tom Saldeen Jawahar L. Mehta |
author_sort |
Akshay Goel |
title |
Fish, Fish Oils and Cardioprotection: Promise or Fish Tale? |
title_short |
Fish, Fish Oils and Cardioprotection: Promise or Fish Tale? |
title_full |
Fish, Fish Oils and Cardioprotection: Promise or Fish Tale? |
title_fullStr |
Fish, Fish Oils and Cardioprotection: Promise or Fish Tale? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fish, Fish Oils and Cardioprotection: Promise or Fish Tale? |
title_sort |
fish, fish oils and cardioprotection: promise or fish tale? |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2018-11-01 |
description |
Fish and commercially available fish oil preparations are rich sources of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the most important fatty acids in fish oil. Following dietary intake, these fatty acids get incorporated into the cell membrane phospholipids throughout the body, especially in the heart and brain. They play an important role in early brain development during infancy, and have also been shown to be of benefit in dementia, depression, and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Early epidemiologic studies show an inverse relationship between fish consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease. This led to the identification of the cardioprotective role of these marine-derived fatty acids. Many experimental studies and some clinical trials have documented the benefits of fish oil supplementation in decreasing the incidence and progression of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmias, and stroke. Possible mechanisms include reduction in triglycerides, alteration in membrane fluidity, modulation of cardiac ion channels, and anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, and anti-arrhythmic effects. Fish oil supplements are generally safe, and the risk of toxicity with methylmercury, an environmental toxin found in fish, is minimal. Current guidelines recommend the consumption of either one to two servings of oily fish per week or daily fish oil supplements (around 1 g of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids per day) in adults. However, recent large-scale studies have failed to demonstrate any benefit of fish oil supplements on cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. Here, we review the different trials that evaluated the role of fish oil in cardiovascular diseases. |
topic |
fish oil omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) cardiovascular disease |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/12/3703 |
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