Hypocellular Acute Myeloid Leukaemia-A Diagnostic Conundrum
Hypocellular acute leukaemia is a rare entity with an incidence of 5-12% of all acute leukaemias. Almost all reported cases are of myeloid lineage. It is defined by bone marrow hypocellularity (less than 20% of cellularity in trephine biopsy) with increase of bone marrow blasts (20% or more) and p...
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doaj-dcc9a310d14f4370a9f056a9f778c5e82020-11-25T02:23:40ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2018-12-011212ED10ED1210.7860/JCDR/2018/38469.12352Hypocellular Acute Myeloid Leukaemia-A Diagnostic ConundrumSindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana0Chethan Manohar1Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India.Professor, Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India.Hypocellular acute leukaemia is a rare entity with an incidence of 5-12% of all acute leukaemias. Almost all reported cases are of myeloid lineage. It is defined by bone marrow hypocellularity (less than 20% of cellularity in trephine biopsy) with increase of bone marrow blasts (20% or more) and peripheral blood blastopenia. It is termed as a secondary disease in a pre-existing haematologic disorder or prior cytotoxic or radiation therapy and is often misdiagnosed as Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS). In this report, we describe an unusual case of Hypocellular Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (H-AML) without any past haematologic disease or radio/chemotherapy in an elderly male. The diagnosis of H-AML can be difficult and may be confused with Hypocellular MDS (H-MDS) and Aplastic Anaemia (AA). Presence of dysplasia and abnormal localization of immature precursors may not be able to differentiate between H-AML from H-MDS. Strict diagnostic criteria must be followed to arrive at correct diagnosis which includes counting atleast 100 leukocytes on peripheral smear and 500 leukocytes in Bone Marrow Aspirate (BMA).https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/12352/38469_CE[Ra1]_PF1(AGAK)_PFA(AK)_PB(AG_SHU)_PN(SL).pdfbone marrow aspirateflow cytometryhypocellullar-myelodysplastic syndrome |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana Chethan Manohar |
spellingShingle |
Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana Chethan Manohar Hypocellular Acute Myeloid Leukaemia-A Diagnostic Conundrum Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research bone marrow aspirate flow cytometry hypocellullar-myelodysplastic syndrome |
author_facet |
Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana Chethan Manohar |
author_sort |
Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana |
title |
Hypocellular Acute Myeloid Leukaemia-A Diagnostic Conundrum |
title_short |
Hypocellular Acute Myeloid Leukaemia-A Diagnostic Conundrum |
title_full |
Hypocellular Acute Myeloid Leukaemia-A Diagnostic Conundrum |
title_fullStr |
Hypocellular Acute Myeloid Leukaemia-A Diagnostic Conundrum |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hypocellular Acute Myeloid Leukaemia-A Diagnostic Conundrum |
title_sort |
hypocellular acute myeloid leukaemia-a diagnostic conundrum |
publisher |
JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
series |
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
issn |
2249-782X 0973-709X |
publishDate |
2018-12-01 |
description |
Hypocellular acute leukaemia is a rare entity with an incidence of 5-12% of all acute leukaemias. Almost all reported cases are
of myeloid lineage. It is defined by bone marrow hypocellularity (less than 20% of cellularity in trephine biopsy) with increase
of bone marrow blasts (20% or more) and peripheral blood blastopenia. It is termed as a secondary disease in a pre-existing
haematologic disorder or prior cytotoxic or radiation therapy and is often misdiagnosed as Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS).
In this report, we describe an unusual case of Hypocellular Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (H-AML) without any past haematologic
disease or radio/chemotherapy in an elderly male. The diagnosis of H-AML can be difficult and may be confused with Hypocellular
MDS (H-MDS) and Aplastic Anaemia (AA). Presence of dysplasia and abnormal localization of immature precursors may not be
able to differentiate between H-AML from H-MDS. Strict diagnostic criteria must be followed to arrive at correct diagnosis which
includes counting atleast 100 leukocytes on peripheral smear and 500 leukocytes in Bone Marrow Aspirate (BMA). |
topic |
bone marrow aspirate flow cytometry hypocellullar-myelodysplastic syndrome |
url |
https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/12352/38469_CE[Ra1]_PF1(AGAK)_PFA(AK)_PB(AG_SHU)_PN(SL).pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT sindhuralakshmikoulmanelaxminarayana hypocellularacutemyeloidleukaemiaadiagnosticconundrum AT chethanmanohar hypocellularacutemyeloidleukaemiaadiagnosticconundrum |
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1724858047598166016 |