Skin Sensitization Evaluation of Carbon-Based Graphene Nanoplatelets
Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are one of the major types of carbon based nanomaterials that have different industrial and biomedical applications. There is a risk of exposure to GNP material in individuals involved in their large-scale production and in individuals who use products containing GNPs....
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doaj-dce8db13bd7d427f9ec0b12e898d523b2021-03-18T00:07:04ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042021-03-019626210.3390/toxics9030062Skin Sensitization Evaluation of Carbon-Based Graphene NanoplateletsSung-Hyun Kim0So-Hye Hong1Jin Hee Lee2Dong Han Lee3Kikyung Jung4Jun-Young Yang5Hyo-Sook Shin6JeongPyo Lee7Jayoung Jeong8Jae-Ho Oh9Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, KoreaDivision of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, KoreaDivision of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, KoreaDivision of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, KoreaDivision of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, KoreaDivision of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, KoreaDivision of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, KoreaDivision of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, KoreaDivision of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, KoreaDivision of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju 28159, KoreaGraphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are one of the major types of carbon based nanomaterials that have different industrial and biomedical applications. There is a risk of exposure to GNP material in individuals involved in their large-scale production and in individuals who use products containing GNPs. Determining the exact toxicity of GNP nanomaterials is a very important agenda. This research aimed to evaluate the skin sensitization potentials induced by GNPs using two types of alternative to animal testing. We analyzed the physicochemical characteristics of the test material by selecting a graphene nanomaterial with a nano-size on one side. Thereafter, we evaluated the skin sensitization effect using an in vitro and an in vivo alternative test method, respectively. As a result, we found that GNPs do not induce skin sensitization. In addition, it was observed that the administration of GNPs did not induce cytotoxicity and skin toxicity. This is the first report of skin sensitization as a result of GNPs obtained using alternative test methods. These results suggest that GNP materials do not cause skin sensitization, and these assays may be useful in evaluating the skin sensitization of some nanomaterials.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/3/62skin sensitizationalternative to animal testingKeratinoSens<sup>TM</sup>local lymph node assay (LLNA)nanomaterialgraphene |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sung-Hyun Kim So-Hye Hong Jin Hee Lee Dong Han Lee Kikyung Jung Jun-Young Yang Hyo-Sook Shin JeongPyo Lee Jayoung Jeong Jae-Ho Oh |
spellingShingle |
Sung-Hyun Kim So-Hye Hong Jin Hee Lee Dong Han Lee Kikyung Jung Jun-Young Yang Hyo-Sook Shin JeongPyo Lee Jayoung Jeong Jae-Ho Oh Skin Sensitization Evaluation of Carbon-Based Graphene Nanoplatelets Toxics skin sensitization alternative to animal testing KeratinoSens<sup>TM</sup> local lymph node assay (LLNA) nanomaterial graphene |
author_facet |
Sung-Hyun Kim So-Hye Hong Jin Hee Lee Dong Han Lee Kikyung Jung Jun-Young Yang Hyo-Sook Shin JeongPyo Lee Jayoung Jeong Jae-Ho Oh |
author_sort |
Sung-Hyun Kim |
title |
Skin Sensitization Evaluation of Carbon-Based Graphene Nanoplatelets |
title_short |
Skin Sensitization Evaluation of Carbon-Based Graphene Nanoplatelets |
title_full |
Skin Sensitization Evaluation of Carbon-Based Graphene Nanoplatelets |
title_fullStr |
Skin Sensitization Evaluation of Carbon-Based Graphene Nanoplatelets |
title_full_unstemmed |
Skin Sensitization Evaluation of Carbon-Based Graphene Nanoplatelets |
title_sort |
skin sensitization evaluation of carbon-based graphene nanoplatelets |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Toxics |
issn |
2305-6304 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are one of the major types of carbon based nanomaterials that have different industrial and biomedical applications. There is a risk of exposure to GNP material in individuals involved in their large-scale production and in individuals who use products containing GNPs. Determining the exact toxicity of GNP nanomaterials is a very important agenda. This research aimed to evaluate the skin sensitization potentials induced by GNPs using two types of alternative to animal testing. We analyzed the physicochemical characteristics of the test material by selecting a graphene nanomaterial with a nano-size on one side. Thereafter, we evaluated the skin sensitization effect using an in vitro and an in vivo alternative test method, respectively. As a result, we found that GNPs do not induce skin sensitization. In addition, it was observed that the administration of GNPs did not induce cytotoxicity and skin toxicity. This is the first report of skin sensitization as a result of GNPs obtained using alternative test methods. These results suggest that GNP materials do not cause skin sensitization, and these assays may be useful in evaluating the skin sensitization of some nanomaterials. |
topic |
skin sensitization alternative to animal testing KeratinoSens<sup>TM</sup> local lymph node assay (LLNA) nanomaterial graphene |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/3/62 |
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