Fully Automated Microsystem for Unmediated Electrochemical Characterization, Visualization and Monitoring of Bacteria on Solid Media; <i>E. coli</i> K-12: A Case Study
In this paper, we present a non-fluidic microsystem for the simultaneous visualization and electrochemical evaluation of confined, growing bacteria on solid media. Using a completely automated platform, real-time monitoring of bacterial and image-based computer characterization of growth were perfor...
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doaj-dcfdfdf107c84edd98ce5b6b4e4debe22020-11-25T01:55:55ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742019-11-019413110.3390/bios9040131bios9040131Fully Automated Microsystem for Unmediated Electrochemical Characterization, Visualization and Monitoring of Bacteria on Solid Media; <i>E. coli</i> K-12: A Case StudyCesar A. Hernandez0Valerio Beni1Johann F. Osma2CMUA. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1E # 19A-40, Bogota 111711, ColombiaBiosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, SwedenCMUA. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1E # 19A-40, Bogota 111711, ColombiaIn this paper, we present a non-fluidic microsystem for the simultaneous visualization and electrochemical evaluation of confined, growing bacteria on solid media. Using a completely automated platform, real-time monitoring of bacterial and image-based computer characterization of growth were performed. Electrochemical tests, using <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 as the model microorganism, revealed the development of a faradaic process at the bacteria−microelectrode interface inside the microsystem, as implied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrometry measurements. The electrochemical information was used to determine the moment in which bacteria colonized the electrode-enabled area of the microsystem. This microsystem shows potential advantages for long-term electrochemical monitoring of the extracellular environment of cell culture and has been designed using readily available technologies that can be easily integrated in routine protocols. Complementarily, these methods can help elucidate fundamental questions of the electron transfer of bacterial cultures and are potentially feasible to be integrated into current characterization techniques.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/9/4/131bio-electrochemical systemsmicrosystembacteriadirect electron transfercyclic voltammetryelectrochemical impedance spectrometrymicroscopyautomated system |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Cesar A. Hernandez Valerio Beni Johann F. Osma |
spellingShingle |
Cesar A. Hernandez Valerio Beni Johann F. Osma Fully Automated Microsystem for Unmediated Electrochemical Characterization, Visualization and Monitoring of Bacteria on Solid Media; <i>E. coli</i> K-12: A Case Study Biosensors bio-electrochemical systems microsystem bacteria direct electron transfer cyclic voltammetry electrochemical impedance spectrometry microscopy automated system |
author_facet |
Cesar A. Hernandez Valerio Beni Johann F. Osma |
author_sort |
Cesar A. Hernandez |
title |
Fully Automated Microsystem for Unmediated Electrochemical Characterization, Visualization and Monitoring of Bacteria on Solid Media; <i>E. coli</i> K-12: A Case Study |
title_short |
Fully Automated Microsystem for Unmediated Electrochemical Characterization, Visualization and Monitoring of Bacteria on Solid Media; <i>E. coli</i> K-12: A Case Study |
title_full |
Fully Automated Microsystem for Unmediated Electrochemical Characterization, Visualization and Monitoring of Bacteria on Solid Media; <i>E. coli</i> K-12: A Case Study |
title_fullStr |
Fully Automated Microsystem for Unmediated Electrochemical Characterization, Visualization and Monitoring of Bacteria on Solid Media; <i>E. coli</i> K-12: A Case Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fully Automated Microsystem for Unmediated Electrochemical Characterization, Visualization and Monitoring of Bacteria on Solid Media; <i>E. coli</i> K-12: A Case Study |
title_sort |
fully automated microsystem for unmediated electrochemical characterization, visualization and monitoring of bacteria on solid media; <i>e. coli</i> k-12: a case study |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Biosensors |
issn |
2079-6374 |
publishDate |
2019-11-01 |
description |
In this paper, we present a non-fluidic microsystem for the simultaneous visualization and electrochemical evaluation of confined, growing bacteria on solid media. Using a completely automated platform, real-time monitoring of bacterial and image-based computer characterization of growth were performed. Electrochemical tests, using <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 as the model microorganism, revealed the development of a faradaic process at the bacteria−microelectrode interface inside the microsystem, as implied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectrometry measurements. The electrochemical information was used to determine the moment in which bacteria colonized the electrode-enabled area of the microsystem. This microsystem shows potential advantages for long-term electrochemical monitoring of the extracellular environment of cell culture and has been designed using readily available technologies that can be easily integrated in routine protocols. Complementarily, these methods can help elucidate fundamental questions of the electron transfer of bacterial cultures and are potentially feasible to be integrated into current characterization techniques. |
topic |
bio-electrochemical systems microsystem bacteria direct electron transfer cyclic voltammetry electrochemical impedance spectrometry microscopy automated system |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/9/4/131 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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