Influence of Hyperproteinemia on Insect Innate Immune Function of the Circulatory System in <i>Bombyx mori</i>
Metabolic disorders of the circulatory system of animals (e.g., hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia) can significantly affect immune function; however, since there is currently no reliable animal model for hyperproteinemia, its effects on immunity remain unclear. In this study, we established an animal...
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doaj-dd4de46e7fa74e988c249ac86a40ff462021-02-04T00:06:37ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-02-011011211210.3390/biology10020112Influence of Hyperproteinemia on Insect Innate Immune Function of the Circulatory System in <i>Bombyx mori</i>Yong-Feng Wang0Guang Wang1Jiang-Lan Li2Ya-Xin Qu3Xin-Yin Liang4Xue-Dong Chen5Yang-Hu Sima6Shi-Qing Xu7School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaSchool of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaSchool of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaSchool of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaSchool of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaSchool of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaSchool of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaSchool of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, ChinaMetabolic disorders of the circulatory system of animals (e.g., hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia) can significantly affect immune function; however, since there is currently no reliable animal model for hyperproteinemia, its effects on immunity remain unclear. In this study, we established an animal model for hyperproteinemia in an invertebrate silkworm model, with a controllable plasma protein concentration (PPC) and no primary disease effects. We evaluated the influence of hyperproteinemia on innate immunity. The results showed that high PPC enhanced hemolymph phagocytosis via inducing a rapid increase in granulocytes. Moreover, while oenocytoids increased, the plasmacytes quickly dwindled. High PPC inhibited hemolymph melanization due to decreased phenoloxidase (PO) activity in the hemolymph via inhibiting the expression of the prophenoloxidase-encoding genes, <i>PPO1</i> and <i>PPO2</i>. High PPC upregulated the gene expression of antimicrobial peptides via differential activation of the Toll and Imd signaling pathways associated with NF-κB signaling, followed by an induction of inconsistent antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in an animal model of high PPC. Therefore, high PPC has multiple significant effects on the innate immune function of the silkworm circulatory system.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/2/112<i>Bombyx mori</i>innate immunitymelanizationNF-κB signalingplasma protein concentration (PPC) |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yong-Feng Wang Guang Wang Jiang-Lan Li Ya-Xin Qu Xin-Yin Liang Xue-Dong Chen Yang-Hu Sima Shi-Qing Xu |
spellingShingle |
Yong-Feng Wang Guang Wang Jiang-Lan Li Ya-Xin Qu Xin-Yin Liang Xue-Dong Chen Yang-Hu Sima Shi-Qing Xu Influence of Hyperproteinemia on Insect Innate Immune Function of the Circulatory System in <i>Bombyx mori</i> Biology <i>Bombyx mori</i> innate immunity melanization NF-κB signaling plasma protein concentration (PPC) |
author_facet |
Yong-Feng Wang Guang Wang Jiang-Lan Li Ya-Xin Qu Xin-Yin Liang Xue-Dong Chen Yang-Hu Sima Shi-Qing Xu |
author_sort |
Yong-Feng Wang |
title |
Influence of Hyperproteinemia on Insect Innate Immune Function of the Circulatory System in <i>Bombyx mori</i> |
title_short |
Influence of Hyperproteinemia on Insect Innate Immune Function of the Circulatory System in <i>Bombyx mori</i> |
title_full |
Influence of Hyperproteinemia on Insect Innate Immune Function of the Circulatory System in <i>Bombyx mori</i> |
title_fullStr |
Influence of Hyperproteinemia on Insect Innate Immune Function of the Circulatory System in <i>Bombyx mori</i> |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of Hyperproteinemia on Insect Innate Immune Function of the Circulatory System in <i>Bombyx mori</i> |
title_sort |
influence of hyperproteinemia on insect innate immune function of the circulatory system in <i>bombyx mori</i> |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Biology |
issn |
2079-7737 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
Metabolic disorders of the circulatory system of animals (e.g., hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia) can significantly affect immune function; however, since there is currently no reliable animal model for hyperproteinemia, its effects on immunity remain unclear. In this study, we established an animal model for hyperproteinemia in an invertebrate silkworm model, with a controllable plasma protein concentration (PPC) and no primary disease effects. We evaluated the influence of hyperproteinemia on innate immunity. The results showed that high PPC enhanced hemolymph phagocytosis via inducing a rapid increase in granulocytes. Moreover, while oenocytoids increased, the plasmacytes quickly dwindled. High PPC inhibited hemolymph melanization due to decreased phenoloxidase (PO) activity in the hemolymph via inhibiting the expression of the prophenoloxidase-encoding genes, <i>PPO1</i> and <i>PPO2</i>. High PPC upregulated the gene expression of antimicrobial peptides via differential activation of the Toll and Imd signaling pathways associated with NF-κB signaling, followed by an induction of inconsistent antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in an animal model of high PPC. Therefore, high PPC has multiple significant effects on the innate immune function of the silkworm circulatory system. |
topic |
<i>Bombyx mori</i> innate immunity melanization NF-κB signaling plasma protein concentration (PPC) |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/2/112 |
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