Ecotoxicity Evaluation of Pure Peracetic Acid (PAA) after Eliminating Hydrogen Peroxide from Commercial PAA
In recent years, peracetic acid (PAA) has gained a lot of attention as an alternative disinfectant to chlorine-based disinfectants in the water industry. Commercial PAA solutions contain both PAA and hydrogen peroxide (HP), and the degradation of HP is slower than PAA when it is used for disinfectio...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/14/5031 |
| Summary: | In recent years, peracetic acid (PAA) has gained a lot of attention as an alternative disinfectant to chlorine-based disinfectants in the water industry. Commercial PAA solutions contain both PAA and hydrogen peroxide (HP), and the degradation of HP is slower than PAA when it is used for disinfection. All previous toxicity studies have been based on commercial PAA, and variance in toxicity values have been observed due to different PAA:HP ratios. In this study, the ecotoxicity of pure PAA was studied, eliminating HP from the commercial PAA mixture using potassium permanganate. Ecotoxicity data were obtained by conducting a battery of ecotoxicity tests: bioassays using <i>Vibrio fischeri (V. fischeri), Daphnia magna (D. magna)</i>, and <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (P. subcapitata)</i>. The effect concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of pure PAA was 0.84 (a 95% confidence interval of 0.78–0.91) mg/L for <i>V. fischeri</i> and 2.46 (2.35–2.58) mg/L for <i>P. subcapitata</i>, whereas the lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) was 0.74 (0.55–0.91) mg/L for <i>D. magna</i>. Compared to this, our previous study found that the EC<sub>50</sub> values of commercial PAA towards <i>V. fischeri</i> and <i>P. subcapitata</i> were 0.42 (0.41–0.44) and 1.38 (0.96–1.99) mg/L, respectively, which were lower than pure PAA, whilst the LC<sub>50</sub> for <i>D. magna</i> was 0.78 (0.58–0.95) mg/L. These results showed that pure PAA was less toxic to the most commonly used aquatic species for toxicity tests compared to commercial PAA, except for <i>D. magna</i>. |
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| ISSN: | 1661-7827 1660-4601 |