Norepinephrine Regulation of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Astrocyte Glycogen Metabolism
<b> </b>The catecholamine norepinephrine (NE) links hindbrain metabolic-sensory neurons with key glucostatic control structures in the brain, including the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN). In the brain,<b> </b>the<b> </b>glycogen reserve is maintained with...
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doaj-de0cbc9ff7f04bc1b36dbd0a574c01d42021-01-14T00:05:26ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-01-012275975910.3390/ijms22020759Norepinephrine Regulation of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Astrocyte Glycogen MetabolismKaren P. Briski0Mostafa M.H. Ibrahim1A.S.M. Hasan Mahmood2Ayed A. Alshamrani3School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USASchool of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USASchool of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USASchool of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA<b> </b>The catecholamine norepinephrine (NE) links hindbrain metabolic-sensory neurons with key glucostatic control structures in the brain, including the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN). In the brain,<b> </b>the<b> </b>glycogen reserve is maintained within the astrocyte cell compartment as an alternative energy source to blood-derived glucose. VMN astrocytes are direct targets for metabolic stimulus-driven noradrenergic signaling due to their adrenergic receptor expression (AR). The current review discusses recent affirmative evidence that neuro-metabolic stability in the VMN may be shaped by NE influence on astrocyte glycogen metabolism and glycogen-derived substrate fuel supply. Noradrenergic modulation of estrogen receptor (ER) control of VMN glycogen phosphorylase (GP) isoform expression supports the interaction of catecholamine and estradiol signals in shaping the physiological stimulus-specific control of astrocyte glycogen mobilization. Sex-dimorphic NE control of glycogen synthase and GP brain versus muscle type proteins may be due, in part, to the dissimilar noradrenergic governance of astrocyte AR and ER variant profiles in males versus females. Forthcoming advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanistic framework for catecholamine stimulus integration with other regulatory inputs to VMN astrocytes will undoubtedly reveal useful new molecular targets in each sex for glycogen mediated defense of neuronal metabolic equilibrium during neuro-glucopenia.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/759ventromedial hypothalamic nucleusnorepinephrineadrenergic receptorglycogen phosphorylase brain typelaser-catapult microdissection |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Karen P. Briski Mostafa M.H. Ibrahim A.S.M. Hasan Mahmood Ayed A. Alshamrani |
spellingShingle |
Karen P. Briski Mostafa M.H. Ibrahim A.S.M. Hasan Mahmood Ayed A. Alshamrani Norepinephrine Regulation of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Astrocyte Glycogen Metabolism International Journal of Molecular Sciences ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus norepinephrine adrenergic receptor glycogen phosphorylase brain type laser-catapult microdissection |
author_facet |
Karen P. Briski Mostafa M.H. Ibrahim A.S.M. Hasan Mahmood Ayed A. Alshamrani |
author_sort |
Karen P. Briski |
title |
Norepinephrine Regulation of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Astrocyte Glycogen Metabolism |
title_short |
Norepinephrine Regulation of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Astrocyte Glycogen Metabolism |
title_full |
Norepinephrine Regulation of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Astrocyte Glycogen Metabolism |
title_fullStr |
Norepinephrine Regulation of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Astrocyte Glycogen Metabolism |
title_full_unstemmed |
Norepinephrine Regulation of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Astrocyte Glycogen Metabolism |
title_sort |
norepinephrine regulation of ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus astrocyte glycogen metabolism |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
<b> </b>The catecholamine norepinephrine (NE) links hindbrain metabolic-sensory neurons with key glucostatic control structures in the brain, including the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN). In the brain,<b> </b>the<b> </b>glycogen reserve is maintained within the astrocyte cell compartment as an alternative energy source to blood-derived glucose. VMN astrocytes are direct targets for metabolic stimulus-driven noradrenergic signaling due to their adrenergic receptor expression (AR). The current review discusses recent affirmative evidence that neuro-metabolic stability in the VMN may be shaped by NE influence on astrocyte glycogen metabolism and glycogen-derived substrate fuel supply. Noradrenergic modulation of estrogen receptor (ER) control of VMN glycogen phosphorylase (GP) isoform expression supports the interaction of catecholamine and estradiol signals in shaping the physiological stimulus-specific control of astrocyte glycogen mobilization. Sex-dimorphic NE control of glycogen synthase and GP brain versus muscle type proteins may be due, in part, to the dissimilar noradrenergic governance of astrocyte AR and ER variant profiles in males versus females. Forthcoming advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanistic framework for catecholamine stimulus integration with other regulatory inputs to VMN astrocytes will undoubtedly reveal useful new molecular targets in each sex for glycogen mediated defense of neuronal metabolic equilibrium during neuro-glucopenia. |
topic |
ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus norepinephrine adrenergic receptor glycogen phosphorylase brain type laser-catapult microdissection |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/759 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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