Clinico – Hematological Analysis of Pancytopenia: A Bone Marrow Study

• Main Authors: Anita P. Javalgi, Vijay D. Dombale
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: JCDR Research and Publications Pvt. Ltd. 2013-10-01
• Series: National Journal of Laboratory Medicine
• Subjects: pancytopenia; megaloblastic anemia; iron deficiency; sle; malaria
• Online Access: http://www.njlm.net/articles/PDF/1995/4-6782_E(_)_F(H)_PF1(SH)_PFA(NC).pdf
• ISSN: 2277-8551; 2455-6882

Background: Pancytopenia is characterized by anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia, a common hematological problem. It is a striking feature of many serious and life threatening illnesses. The disease pattern varies in different population groups, in age pattern, nutritional status and prevalence of infective disorder. Present study was conducted to assess the etiology, clinical profile and bone marrow morphology of pancytopenia. Objective: To know various patterns of clinical presentation and co-relate hematological parameters and bone marrow study with clinical findings, in differentiating causes of pancytopenia. Methods: A two-years study from January 2009 to December 2010 was conducted in Department of Pathology. Total 106 pancytopenia patients aged 15-65 years were studied to determine their clinical features, peripheral smear study and bone marrow morphology. The etiological pattern was assessed through relevant investigations done on the respective patients. Results: Bone marrow study showed 68.8% hypercellular marrow, 15% normocellular and 16.2 % hypocellular marrow. Males(57.5%) were affected more than females(42.5%) and the commonest cause for pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia (73.5%), followed by iron deficiency anemia (12.2%), malaria(3.7%), leukemia (2.8%), SLE (1.8%), aplastic anemia (1.8%), multiple myeloma (0.9%), myelofibrosis(0.9%), MDS(0.9%) and hyperspleenism (0.9%). Conclusion: Large number of patients had reversible etiology. Hence complete work up including clinical details with hematological examination along with bone marrow study will lead to early and proper diagnosis of case followed by proper treatment.