Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer Management
The incidence of thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing, mostly due to the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (TC). The increasing use of potent preclinical models, high throughput molecular technologies, and gene expression microarrays have provided a deeper understandin...
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doaj-de3f9651e5ce4b18a4a30ca96ffe09522020-11-25T03:18:42ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942020-08-01122164216410.3390/cancers12082164Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer ManagementCarolina Nylén0Robert Mechera1Isabella Maréchal-Ross2Venessa Tsang3Angela Chou4Anthony J. Gill5Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh6Bruce G. Robinson7Mark S. Sywak8Stan B. Sidhu9Anthony R. Glover10Endocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, AustraliaEndocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, AustraliaNorthern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaNorthern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaNorthern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaNorthern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaNorthern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaNorthern Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaEndocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, AustraliaEndocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, AustraliaEndocrine Surgical Unit, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, AustraliaThe incidence of thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing, mostly due to the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (TC). The increasing use of potent preclinical models, high throughput molecular technologies, and gene expression microarrays have provided a deeper understanding of molecular characteristics in cancer. Hence, molecular markers have become a potent tool also in TC management to distinguish benign from malignant lesions, predict aggressive biology, prognosis, recurrence, as well as for identification of novel therapeutic targets. In differentiated TC, molecular markers are mainly used as an adjunct to guide management of indeterminate nodules on fine needle aspiration biopsies. In contrast, in advanced thyroid cancer, molecular markers enable targeted treatments of affected signalling pathways. Identification of the driver mutation of targetable kinases in advanced TC can select treatment with mutation targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to slow growth and reverse adverse effects of the mutations, when traditional treatments fail. This review will outline the molecular landscape and discuss the impact of molecular markers on diagnosis, surveillance and treatment of differentiated, poorly differentiated and anaplastic follicular TC.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/8/2164Genomicsmolecular testingthyroid cancersurgeryindeterminate nodulestyrosine kinase inhibitors |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Carolina Nylén Robert Mechera Isabella Maréchal-Ross Venessa Tsang Angela Chou Anthony J. Gill Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh Bruce G. Robinson Mark S. Sywak Stan B. Sidhu Anthony R. Glover |
spellingShingle |
Carolina Nylén Robert Mechera Isabella Maréchal-Ross Venessa Tsang Angela Chou Anthony J. Gill Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh Bruce G. Robinson Mark S. Sywak Stan B. Sidhu Anthony R. Glover Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer Management Cancers Genomics molecular testing thyroid cancer surgery indeterminate nodules tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
author_facet |
Carolina Nylén Robert Mechera Isabella Maréchal-Ross Venessa Tsang Angela Chou Anthony J. Gill Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh Bruce G. Robinson Mark S. Sywak Stan B. Sidhu Anthony R. Glover |
author_sort |
Carolina Nylén |
title |
Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer Management |
title_short |
Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer Management |
title_full |
Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer Management |
title_fullStr |
Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer Management |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular Markers Guiding Thyroid Cancer Management |
title_sort |
molecular markers guiding thyroid cancer management |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Cancers |
issn |
2072-6694 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
The incidence of thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing, mostly due to the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (TC). The increasing use of potent preclinical models, high throughput molecular technologies, and gene expression microarrays have provided a deeper understanding of molecular characteristics in cancer. Hence, molecular markers have become a potent tool also in TC management to distinguish benign from malignant lesions, predict aggressive biology, prognosis, recurrence, as well as for identification of novel therapeutic targets. In differentiated TC, molecular markers are mainly used as an adjunct to guide management of indeterminate nodules on fine needle aspiration biopsies. In contrast, in advanced thyroid cancer, molecular markers enable targeted treatments of affected signalling pathways. Identification of the driver mutation of targetable kinases in advanced TC can select treatment with mutation targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to slow growth and reverse adverse effects of the mutations, when traditional treatments fail. This review will outline the molecular landscape and discuss the impact of molecular markers on diagnosis, surveillance and treatment of differentiated, poorly differentiated and anaplastic follicular TC. |
topic |
Genomics molecular testing thyroid cancer surgery indeterminate nodules tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/8/2164 |
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