Chromatin Manipulation and Editing: Challenges, New Technologies and Their Use in Plants
An ongoing challenge in functional epigenomics is to develop tools for precise manipulation of epigenetic marks. These tools would allow moving from correlation-based to causal-based findings, a necessary step to reach conclusions on mechanistic principles. In this review, we describe and discuss th...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-01-01
|
Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/512 |
id |
doaj-de6b7b2eddc44037ab8639fd96d51f43 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-de6b7b2eddc44037ab8639fd96d51f432021-01-07T00:06:17ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-01-012251251210.3390/ijms22020512Chromatin Manipulation and Editing: Challenges, New Technologies and Their Use in PlantsKateryna Fal0Denisa Tomkova1Gilles Vachon2Marie-Edith Chabouté3Alexandre Berr4Cristel C. Carles5Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, FranceInstitut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg CEDEX, FranceLaboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, FranceInstitut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg CEDEX, FranceInstitut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg CEDEX, FranceLaboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, IRIG-LPCV, 38000 Grenoble, FranceAn ongoing challenge in functional epigenomics is to develop tools for precise manipulation of epigenetic marks. These tools would allow moving from correlation-based to causal-based findings, a necessary step to reach conclusions on mechanistic principles. In this review, we describe and discuss the advantages and limits of tools and technologies developed to impact epigenetic marks, and which could be employed to study their direct effect on nuclear and chromatin structure, on transcription, and their further genuine role in plant cell fate and development. On one hand, epigenome-wide approaches include drug inhibitors for chromatin modifiers or readers, nanobodies against histone marks or lines expressing modified histones or mutant chromatin effectors. On the other hand, locus-specific approaches consist in targeting precise regions on the chromatin, with engineered proteins able to modify epigenetic marks. Early systems use effectors in fusion with protein domains that recognize a specific DNA sequence (Zinc Finger or TALEs), while the more recent dCas9 approach operates through RNA-DNA interaction, thereby providing more flexibility and modularity for tool designs. Current developments of “second generation”, chimeric dCas9 systems, aiming at better targeting efficiency and modifier capacity have recently been tested in plants and provided promising results. Finally, recent proof-of-concept studies forecast even finer tools, such as inducible/switchable systems, that will allow temporal analyses of the molecular events that follow a change in a specific chromatin mark.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/512epigenome editinghistone marksCRISPR-dCas9chemical inhibitors |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kateryna Fal Denisa Tomkova Gilles Vachon Marie-Edith Chabouté Alexandre Berr Cristel C. Carles |
spellingShingle |
Kateryna Fal Denisa Tomkova Gilles Vachon Marie-Edith Chabouté Alexandre Berr Cristel C. Carles Chromatin Manipulation and Editing: Challenges, New Technologies and Their Use in Plants International Journal of Molecular Sciences epigenome editing histone marks CRISPR-dCas9 chemical inhibitors |
author_facet |
Kateryna Fal Denisa Tomkova Gilles Vachon Marie-Edith Chabouté Alexandre Berr Cristel C. Carles |
author_sort |
Kateryna Fal |
title |
Chromatin Manipulation and Editing: Challenges, New Technologies and Their Use in Plants |
title_short |
Chromatin Manipulation and Editing: Challenges, New Technologies and Their Use in Plants |
title_full |
Chromatin Manipulation and Editing: Challenges, New Technologies and Their Use in Plants |
title_fullStr |
Chromatin Manipulation and Editing: Challenges, New Technologies and Their Use in Plants |
title_full_unstemmed |
Chromatin Manipulation and Editing: Challenges, New Technologies and Their Use in Plants |
title_sort |
chromatin manipulation and editing: challenges, new technologies and their use in plants |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
An ongoing challenge in functional epigenomics is to develop tools for precise manipulation of epigenetic marks. These tools would allow moving from correlation-based to causal-based findings, a necessary step to reach conclusions on mechanistic principles. In this review, we describe and discuss the advantages and limits of tools and technologies developed to impact epigenetic marks, and which could be employed to study their direct effect on nuclear and chromatin structure, on transcription, and their further genuine role in plant cell fate and development. On one hand, epigenome-wide approaches include drug inhibitors for chromatin modifiers or readers, nanobodies against histone marks or lines expressing modified histones or mutant chromatin effectors. On the other hand, locus-specific approaches consist in targeting precise regions on the chromatin, with engineered proteins able to modify epigenetic marks. Early systems use effectors in fusion with protein domains that recognize a specific DNA sequence (Zinc Finger or TALEs), while the more recent dCas9 approach operates through RNA-DNA interaction, thereby providing more flexibility and modularity for tool designs. Current developments of “second generation”, chimeric dCas9 systems, aiming at better targeting efficiency and modifier capacity have recently been tested in plants and provided promising results. Finally, recent proof-of-concept studies forecast even finer tools, such as inducible/switchable systems, that will allow temporal analyses of the molecular events that follow a change in a specific chromatin mark. |
topic |
epigenome editing histone marks CRISPR-dCas9 chemical inhibitors |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/512 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT katerynafal chromatinmanipulationandeditingchallengesnewtechnologiesandtheiruseinplants AT denisatomkova chromatinmanipulationandeditingchallengesnewtechnologiesandtheiruseinplants AT gillesvachon chromatinmanipulationandeditingchallengesnewtechnologiesandtheiruseinplants AT marieedithchaboute chromatinmanipulationandeditingchallengesnewtechnologiesandtheiruseinplants AT alexandreberr chromatinmanipulationandeditingchallengesnewtechnologiesandtheiruseinplants AT cristelccarles chromatinmanipulationandeditingchallengesnewtechnologiesandtheiruseinplants |
_version_ |
1724346951003013120 |