Surveillance efforts after mass drug administration to validate elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Vanuatu
Abstract Background Vanuatu was formerly highly endemic for lymphatic filariasis (LF), caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. After a baseline survey showing 4.8% antigen prevalence in 1998, the country conducted nationwide (in one implementation unit) annual mass dr...
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doaj-dea2f2f94a184926a0ec545d86eab8072020-11-24T21:09:02ZengBMCTropical Medicine and Health1349-41472017-06-0145111010.1186/s41182-017-0057-6Surveillance efforts after mass drug administration to validate elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in VanuatuFasihah Taleo0George Taleo1Patricia M. Graves2Peter Wood3Sung Hye Kim4Masayo Ozaki5Hayley Joseph6Brian Chu7Alex Pavluck8Aya Yajima9Wayne Melrose10Kazuyo Ichimori11Corinne Capuano12Government of Vanuatu, Vector Borne Disease Control UnitGovernment of Vanuatu, Vector Borne Disease Control UnitCollege of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook UniversityCollege of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook UniversityWHO Office of the Representative for the South Pacific and Division of Pacific Technical SupportWHO Office of the Representative for the South Pacific and Division of Pacific Technical SupportThe Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchNTD Support Centre at the Task Force for Global HealthNTD Support Centre at the Task Force for Global HealthWHO Western Pacific Regional OfficeCollege of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook UniversityCollege of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook UniversityWHO Office of the Representative for the South Pacific and Division of Pacific Technical SupportAbstract Background Vanuatu was formerly highly endemic for lymphatic filariasis (LF), caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. After a baseline survey showing 4.8% antigen prevalence in 1998, the country conducted nationwide (in one implementation unit) annual mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole and diethylcarbamazine citrate from 2000 to 2004 and achieved prevalence of 0.2% by 2006 in a representative nationwide cluster survey among all age groups. Methods Post MDA surveillance was conducted from 2006 to 2012. After MDA, the country was divided for surveillance into three evaluation units (EUs) formed by grouping provinces according to baseline prevalence: EU1: Torba, Sanma and Malampa; EU2: Penama; EU3: Shefa and Tafea. The study compiled all past data and information on surveys in Vanuatu from the country programme. This paper reviews the surveillance activities done after stopping MDA to validate the interruption of transmission and elimination of LF as a public health problem. Results Post-MDA surveillance consisting of at least three transmission assessment surveys (TAS) in each of the three EUs was conducted between 2006 and 2012. Sentinel and spot check surveys identified a few villages with persistent high prevalence; all antigen positive cases in these sites were treated and additional targeted MDA conducted for 3 years in 13 villages in one area of concern. All three EUs passed all TAS in 2007, 2010 and 2012 respectively, with no positives found except in EU2 (Penama province) in 2012 when 2 children tested positive for circulating filariasis antigen. Assessment of the burden of chronic filariasis morbidity found 95 cases in 2003 and 32 remaining cases in 2007, all aged over 60 years. Conclusions Vanuatu has achieved validation of elimination of LF as a public health problem. Post-validation surveillance is still recommended especially in formerly highly endemic areas.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41182-017-0057-6 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Fasihah Taleo George Taleo Patricia M. Graves Peter Wood Sung Hye Kim Masayo Ozaki Hayley Joseph Brian Chu Alex Pavluck Aya Yajima Wayne Melrose Kazuyo Ichimori Corinne Capuano |
spellingShingle |
Fasihah Taleo George Taleo Patricia M. Graves Peter Wood Sung Hye Kim Masayo Ozaki Hayley Joseph Brian Chu Alex Pavluck Aya Yajima Wayne Melrose Kazuyo Ichimori Corinne Capuano Surveillance efforts after mass drug administration to validate elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Vanuatu Tropical Medicine and Health |
author_facet |
Fasihah Taleo George Taleo Patricia M. Graves Peter Wood Sung Hye Kim Masayo Ozaki Hayley Joseph Brian Chu Alex Pavluck Aya Yajima Wayne Melrose Kazuyo Ichimori Corinne Capuano |
author_sort |
Fasihah Taleo |
title |
Surveillance efforts after mass drug administration to validate elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Vanuatu |
title_short |
Surveillance efforts after mass drug administration to validate elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Vanuatu |
title_full |
Surveillance efforts after mass drug administration to validate elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Vanuatu |
title_fullStr |
Surveillance efforts after mass drug administration to validate elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Vanuatu |
title_full_unstemmed |
Surveillance efforts after mass drug administration to validate elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in Vanuatu |
title_sort |
surveillance efforts after mass drug administration to validate elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in vanuatu |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Tropical Medicine and Health |
issn |
1349-4147 |
publishDate |
2017-06-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Vanuatu was formerly highly endemic for lymphatic filariasis (LF), caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes. After a baseline survey showing 4.8% antigen prevalence in 1998, the country conducted nationwide (in one implementation unit) annual mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole and diethylcarbamazine citrate from 2000 to 2004 and achieved prevalence of 0.2% by 2006 in a representative nationwide cluster survey among all age groups. Methods Post MDA surveillance was conducted from 2006 to 2012. After MDA, the country was divided for surveillance into three evaluation units (EUs) formed by grouping provinces according to baseline prevalence: EU1: Torba, Sanma and Malampa; EU2: Penama; EU3: Shefa and Tafea. The study compiled all past data and information on surveys in Vanuatu from the country programme. This paper reviews the surveillance activities done after stopping MDA to validate the interruption of transmission and elimination of LF as a public health problem. Results Post-MDA surveillance consisting of at least three transmission assessment surveys (TAS) in each of the three EUs was conducted between 2006 and 2012. Sentinel and spot check surveys identified a few villages with persistent high prevalence; all antigen positive cases in these sites were treated and additional targeted MDA conducted for 3 years in 13 villages in one area of concern. All three EUs passed all TAS in 2007, 2010 and 2012 respectively, with no positives found except in EU2 (Penama province) in 2012 when 2 children tested positive for circulating filariasis antigen. Assessment of the burden of chronic filariasis morbidity found 95 cases in 2003 and 32 remaining cases in 2007, all aged over 60 years. Conclusions Vanuatu has achieved validation of elimination of LF as a public health problem. Post-validation surveillance is still recommended especially in formerly highly endemic areas. |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41182-017-0057-6 |
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