Occurrence and molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in dog populations in eastern Spain
Abstract Background Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common enteric parasites in domestic animals including dogs. Young animals are more prone to the infection, with clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to acute or chronic diarrhoea. Dogs are primarily infected by canine-specific (...
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doaj-deb2f017f6e04ea2a96403198afd4a7e2020-11-25T00:10:47ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482018-01-0114111110.1186/s12917-018-1353-zOccurrence and molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in dog populations in eastern SpainManuel Adell-Aledón0Pamela C. Köster1Aida de Lucio2Paula Puente3Marta Hernández-de-Mingo4Paula Sánchez-Thevenet5María Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela6David Carmena7CEU Cardenal Herrera University, C/ Grecia, 31Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Health Institute Carlos III, Ctra. Majadahonda-Pozuelo Km 2CEU Cardenal Herrera University, C/ Grecia, 31CEU Cardenal Herrera University, C/ Luis Vives 1CEU Cardenal Herrera University, C/ Grecia, 31Abstract Background Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common enteric parasites in domestic animals including dogs. Young animals are more prone to the infection, with clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to acute or chronic diarrhoea. Dogs are primarily infected by canine-specific (C-D) assemblages of G. duodenalis. However, zoonotic assemblages A and B have been increasingly documented in canine isolates, raising the question of whether and to which extent dogs can act as natural reservoirs of human giardiosis. Methods In this cross-sectional epidemiological survey we assessed the molecular diversity of G. duodenalis in dogs in the province of Castellón, Eastern Spain. A total of 348 individual faecal samples from sheltered (n = 218), breeding (n = 24), hunting (n = 68), shepherd (n = 24), and pet (n = 14) dogs were collected between 2014 and 2016. Detection of G. duodenalis cysts in faecal material was carried out by direct fluorescence microscopy as a screening test, whereas a qPCR targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of the parasite was subsequently used as a confirmatory method. Results Giardia duodenalis was detected in 36.5% (95% CI: 31.6–41.7%) of dogs. No significant differences in prevalence rates could be demonstrated among dogs according to their sex and geographical origin, but breeding (45.8%; 95% CI: 27.9–64.9%) and sheltered (40.4%; 95% CI: 34.1–47.0%) dogs harboured significantly higher proportions of G. duodenalis. Multi-locus sequence-based genotyping of the glutamate dehydrogenase and β-giardin genes of G. duodenalis allowed the characterization of 35 canine isolates that were unambiguously assigned to assemblages A (14.3%), B (22.9%), C (5.7%), and D (37.1%). A number of inter-assemblage mixed infections including A + B (11.4%), A + D (2.9%), and A + B + D (5.7%) were also identified. Conclusions Data presented here are strongly indicative of high infection pressures in kennelled animals. Zoonotic sub-assemblages AII, BIII, and BIV were responsible for a considerable proportion of the G. duodenalis infections detected, but very few of the genotypes identified have been previously documented in Spanish human populations. Although possible, zoonotic transmission between dogs and humans seems an infrequent event in this Spanish region.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-018-1353-zGiardia duodenalisProtozoaDogsMolecular epidemiologyCastellónSpain |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Manuel Adell-Aledón Pamela C. Köster Aida de Lucio Paula Puente Marta Hernández-de-Mingo Paula Sánchez-Thevenet María Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela David Carmena |
spellingShingle |
Manuel Adell-Aledón Pamela C. Köster Aida de Lucio Paula Puente Marta Hernández-de-Mingo Paula Sánchez-Thevenet María Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela David Carmena Occurrence and molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in dog populations in eastern Spain BMC Veterinary Research Giardia duodenalis Protozoa Dogs Molecular epidemiology Castellón Spain |
author_facet |
Manuel Adell-Aledón Pamela C. Köster Aida de Lucio Paula Puente Marta Hernández-de-Mingo Paula Sánchez-Thevenet María Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela David Carmena |
author_sort |
Manuel Adell-Aledón |
title |
Occurrence and molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in dog populations in eastern Spain |
title_short |
Occurrence and molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in dog populations in eastern Spain |
title_full |
Occurrence and molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in dog populations in eastern Spain |
title_fullStr |
Occurrence and molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in dog populations in eastern Spain |
title_full_unstemmed |
Occurrence and molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis infection in dog populations in eastern Spain |
title_sort |
occurrence and molecular epidemiology of giardia duodenalis infection in dog populations in eastern spain |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Veterinary Research |
issn |
1746-6148 |
publishDate |
2018-01-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common enteric parasites in domestic animals including dogs. Young animals are more prone to the infection, with clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to acute or chronic diarrhoea. Dogs are primarily infected by canine-specific (C-D) assemblages of G. duodenalis. However, zoonotic assemblages A and B have been increasingly documented in canine isolates, raising the question of whether and to which extent dogs can act as natural reservoirs of human giardiosis. Methods In this cross-sectional epidemiological survey we assessed the molecular diversity of G. duodenalis in dogs in the province of Castellón, Eastern Spain. A total of 348 individual faecal samples from sheltered (n = 218), breeding (n = 24), hunting (n = 68), shepherd (n = 24), and pet (n = 14) dogs were collected between 2014 and 2016. Detection of G. duodenalis cysts in faecal material was carried out by direct fluorescence microscopy as a screening test, whereas a qPCR targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of the parasite was subsequently used as a confirmatory method. Results Giardia duodenalis was detected in 36.5% (95% CI: 31.6–41.7%) of dogs. No significant differences in prevalence rates could be demonstrated among dogs according to their sex and geographical origin, but breeding (45.8%; 95% CI: 27.9–64.9%) and sheltered (40.4%; 95% CI: 34.1–47.0%) dogs harboured significantly higher proportions of G. duodenalis. Multi-locus sequence-based genotyping of the glutamate dehydrogenase and β-giardin genes of G. duodenalis allowed the characterization of 35 canine isolates that were unambiguously assigned to assemblages A (14.3%), B (22.9%), C (5.7%), and D (37.1%). A number of inter-assemblage mixed infections including A + B (11.4%), A + D (2.9%), and A + B + D (5.7%) were also identified. Conclusions Data presented here are strongly indicative of high infection pressures in kennelled animals. Zoonotic sub-assemblages AII, BIII, and BIV were responsible for a considerable proportion of the G. duodenalis infections detected, but very few of the genotypes identified have been previously documented in Spanish human populations. Although possible, zoonotic transmission between dogs and humans seems an infrequent event in this Spanish region. |
topic |
Giardia duodenalis Protozoa Dogs Molecular epidemiology Castellón Spain |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-018-1353-z |
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