Introducing the Algerian mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome profiles into the North African landscape.
North Africa is considered a distinct geographic and ethnic entity within Africa. Although modern humans originated in this Continent, studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome genealogical markers provide evidence that the North African gene pool has been shaped by the back-migration of...
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doaj-deee4e4c99ec4f40813822e1112d69352021-03-03T23:42:28ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032013-01-0182e5677510.1371/journal.pone.0056775Introducing the Algerian mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome profiles into the North African landscape.Asmahan BekadaRosa FregelVicente M CabreraJosé M LarrugaJosé PestanoSoraya BenhamamouchAna M GonzálezNorth Africa is considered a distinct geographic and ethnic entity within Africa. Although modern humans originated in this Continent, studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome genealogical markers provide evidence that the North African gene pool has been shaped by the back-migration of several Eurasian lineages in Paleolithic and Neolithic times. More recent influences from sub-Saharan Africa and Mediterranean Europe are also evident. The presence of East-West and North-South haplogroup frequency gradients strongly reinforces the genetic complexity of this region. However, this genetic scenario is beset with a notable gap, which is the lack of consistent information for Algeria, the largest country in the Maghreb. To fill this gap, we analyzed a sample of 240 unrelated subjects from a northwest Algeria cosmopolitan population using mtDNA sequences and Y-chromosome biallelic polymorphisms, focusing on the fine dissection of haplogroups E and R, which are the most prevalent in North Africa and Europe respectively. The Eurasian component in Algeria reached 80% for mtDNA and 90% for Y-chromosome. However, within them, the North African genetic component for mtDNA (U6 and M1; 20%) is significantly smaller than the paternal (E-M81 and E-V65; 70%). The unexpected presence of the European-derived Y-chromosome lineages R-M412, R-S116, R-U152 and R-M529 in Algeria and the rest of the Maghreb could be the counterparts of the mtDNA H1, H3 and V subgroups, pointing to direct maritime contacts between the European and North African sides of the western Mediterranean. Female influx of sub-Saharan Africans into Algeria (20%) is also significantly greater than the male (10%). In spite of these sexual asymmetries, the Algerian uniparental profiles faithfully correlate between each other and with the geography.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23431392/pdf/?tool=EBI |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Asmahan Bekada Rosa Fregel Vicente M Cabrera José M Larruga José Pestano Soraya Benhamamouch Ana M González |
spellingShingle |
Asmahan Bekada Rosa Fregel Vicente M Cabrera José M Larruga José Pestano Soraya Benhamamouch Ana M González Introducing the Algerian mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome profiles into the North African landscape. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Asmahan Bekada Rosa Fregel Vicente M Cabrera José M Larruga José Pestano Soraya Benhamamouch Ana M González |
author_sort |
Asmahan Bekada |
title |
Introducing the Algerian mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome profiles into the North African landscape. |
title_short |
Introducing the Algerian mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome profiles into the North African landscape. |
title_full |
Introducing the Algerian mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome profiles into the North African landscape. |
title_fullStr |
Introducing the Algerian mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome profiles into the North African landscape. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Introducing the Algerian mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome profiles into the North African landscape. |
title_sort |
introducing the algerian mitochondrial dna and y-chromosome profiles into the north african landscape. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2013-01-01 |
description |
North Africa is considered a distinct geographic and ethnic entity within Africa. Although modern humans originated in this Continent, studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome genealogical markers provide evidence that the North African gene pool has been shaped by the back-migration of several Eurasian lineages in Paleolithic and Neolithic times. More recent influences from sub-Saharan Africa and Mediterranean Europe are also evident. The presence of East-West and North-South haplogroup frequency gradients strongly reinforces the genetic complexity of this region. However, this genetic scenario is beset with a notable gap, which is the lack of consistent information for Algeria, the largest country in the Maghreb. To fill this gap, we analyzed a sample of 240 unrelated subjects from a northwest Algeria cosmopolitan population using mtDNA sequences and Y-chromosome biallelic polymorphisms, focusing on the fine dissection of haplogroups E and R, which are the most prevalent in North Africa and Europe respectively. The Eurasian component in Algeria reached 80% for mtDNA and 90% for Y-chromosome. However, within them, the North African genetic component for mtDNA (U6 and M1; 20%) is significantly smaller than the paternal (E-M81 and E-V65; 70%). The unexpected presence of the European-derived Y-chromosome lineages R-M412, R-S116, R-U152 and R-M529 in Algeria and the rest of the Maghreb could be the counterparts of the mtDNA H1, H3 and V subgroups, pointing to direct maritime contacts between the European and North African sides of the western Mediterranean. Female influx of sub-Saharan Africans into Algeria (20%) is also significantly greater than the male (10%). In spite of these sexual asymmetries, the Algerian uniparental profiles faithfully correlate between each other and with the geography. |
url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23431392/pdf/?tool=EBI |
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