Key Immunological Functions Involved in the Progression of Epithelial Ovarian Serous Carcinoma Discovered by the Gene Ontology-Based Immunofunctionome Analysis

• Main Authors: Cheng-Chang Chang, Kuo-Min Su, Kai-Hsi Lu, Chi-Kang Lin, Peng-Hui Wang, Hsin-Yang Li, Mong-Lien Wang, Cheng-Kuo Lin, Mu-Hsien Yu, Chia-Ming Chang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2018-10-01
• Series: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Subjects: ovarian carcinoma; integrative analysis; gene expression microarray; gene set; machine learning; immunological function
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/11/3311

Serous carcinoma (SC) is the most common and lethal subtype of epithelial ovarian carcinoma; immunotherapy is a potential treatment for SC, however, the global immunological functions of SC as well as their change during the progression of SC have not been investigated in detail till now. We conducted a genome-wide integrative analysis to investigate the immunofunctionomes of SC at four tumor stages by quantifying the immunological functions defined by the Gene Ontology gene sets. DNA microarray gene expression profiles of 1100 SCs and 136 normal ovarian tissue controls were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and converted to the functionome. Then the immunofunctionomes were reconstructed by extracting the offspring from the functionome for the four SC staging groups. The key immunological functions extracted from immunofunctionomes with a series of filters revealed that the immunopathy of SC consisted of a group of deregulated functions with the core members including B cell activation and differentiation, regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis/cellular extravasation, antigen receptor mediated signaling pathway, T helper mediated immunity and macrophage activation; and the auxiliary elements included leukocyte mediated immunity, regulation of inflammatory response, T cell differentiation, mononuclear cell migration, megakaryocyte differentiation, complement activation and cytokine production. These deregulated immunological functions reveal the candidates to target in the immunotherapy.