Secondary Organic Aerosols in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Bengbu, a Typical City in Central China: Concentration, Seasonal Variation and Sources
To investigate the concentration, seasonal variation, and sources of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the inland areas of central China, 244 seasonal PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples were collected from January to October 2019 at one urban site and one suburban site simultaneously in Bengbu...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-06-01
|
Series: | Atmosphere |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/7/854 |
id |
doaj-df658a15ae2b4d4597480ce4a43b8026 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-df658a15ae2b4d4597480ce4a43b80262021-07-23T13:30:37ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-06-011285485410.3390/atmos12070854Secondary Organic Aerosols in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Bengbu, a Typical City in Central China: Concentration, Seasonal Variation and SourcesShiwei Zhang0Hao Tang1Qing Li2Liang Li3Chaojun Ge4Li Li5Jialiang Feng6Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaInstitute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaInstitute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaBengbu Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Bengbu 233040, ChinaBengbu Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Bengbu 233040, ChinaInstitute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaInstitute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaTo investigate the concentration, seasonal variation, and sources of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the inland areas of central China, 244 seasonal PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples were collected from January to October 2019 at one urban site and one suburban site simultaneously in Bengbu of Anhui Province. Concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and typical organic tracers, including saccharides, tracers of SOAs from isoprene, terpenes, and toluene, were measured. Results showed that Bengbu has high pollution levels of organic aerosols, with annual average OC concentrations of about 9.5 μg m<sup>−3</sup>. About 60% of the OC in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Bengbu was water soluble. Different seasonal trends were found for the SOA tracers of isoprene, monoterpene, seisquiterpene, and toluene. The highest seasonal average concentration of the isoprene SOA tracers was observed in summer and of the monoterpene and seisquiterpene SOA tracers in autumn. A stronger correlation was found between the 2-methylglyceric acid-to-2-methyltetrol ratio (MGA/MTL) and ambient temperature than that between MGA/MTLs and NO<sub>X</sub> concentration, suggesting that temperature has an important impact on the MGA/MTL ratio besides NO<sub>X</sub> concentration. The OC/EC-based method, WSOC-based method, tracer yield method, and positive matrix factorization (PMF)-based method were used to estimate the concentration and sources of secondary organic carbon (SOC), and the PMF-based method was believed to be able to give reasonable results. SOC was the main contributor of WSOC in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Bengbu, while biomass burning made an important contribution to WSOC in autumn and winter (~40%). SOC was mainly associated with SOA tracers in summer and mainly associated with secondary ions in spring and winter, suggesting different formation mechanisms in different seasons.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/7/854PM<sub>2.5</sub>secondary organic carbonorganic tracersource apportionmentcentral China |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Shiwei Zhang Hao Tang Qing Li Liang Li Chaojun Ge Li Li Jialiang Feng |
spellingShingle |
Shiwei Zhang Hao Tang Qing Li Liang Li Chaojun Ge Li Li Jialiang Feng Secondary Organic Aerosols in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Bengbu, a Typical City in Central China: Concentration, Seasonal Variation and Sources Atmosphere PM<sub>2.5</sub> secondary organic carbon organic tracer source apportionment central China |
author_facet |
Shiwei Zhang Hao Tang Qing Li Liang Li Chaojun Ge Li Li Jialiang Feng |
author_sort |
Shiwei Zhang |
title |
Secondary Organic Aerosols in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Bengbu, a Typical City in Central China: Concentration, Seasonal Variation and Sources |
title_short |
Secondary Organic Aerosols in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Bengbu, a Typical City in Central China: Concentration, Seasonal Variation and Sources |
title_full |
Secondary Organic Aerosols in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Bengbu, a Typical City in Central China: Concentration, Seasonal Variation and Sources |
title_fullStr |
Secondary Organic Aerosols in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Bengbu, a Typical City in Central China: Concentration, Seasonal Variation and Sources |
title_full_unstemmed |
Secondary Organic Aerosols in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Bengbu, a Typical City in Central China: Concentration, Seasonal Variation and Sources |
title_sort |
secondary organic aerosols in pm<sub>2.5</sub> in bengbu, a typical city in central china: concentration, seasonal variation and sources |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Atmosphere |
issn |
2073-4433 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
To investigate the concentration, seasonal variation, and sources of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) in the inland areas of central China, 244 seasonal PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples were collected from January to October 2019 at one urban site and one suburban site simultaneously in Bengbu of Anhui Province. Concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and typical organic tracers, including saccharides, tracers of SOAs from isoprene, terpenes, and toluene, were measured. Results showed that Bengbu has high pollution levels of organic aerosols, with annual average OC concentrations of about 9.5 μg m<sup>−3</sup>. About 60% of the OC in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Bengbu was water soluble. Different seasonal trends were found for the SOA tracers of isoprene, monoterpene, seisquiterpene, and toluene. The highest seasonal average concentration of the isoprene SOA tracers was observed in summer and of the monoterpene and seisquiterpene SOA tracers in autumn. A stronger correlation was found between the 2-methylglyceric acid-to-2-methyltetrol ratio (MGA/MTL) and ambient temperature than that between MGA/MTLs and NO<sub>X</sub> concentration, suggesting that temperature has an important impact on the MGA/MTL ratio besides NO<sub>X</sub> concentration. The OC/EC-based method, WSOC-based method, tracer yield method, and positive matrix factorization (PMF)-based method were used to estimate the concentration and sources of secondary organic carbon (SOC), and the PMF-based method was believed to be able to give reasonable results. SOC was the main contributor of WSOC in PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Bengbu, while biomass burning made an important contribution to WSOC in autumn and winter (~40%). SOC was mainly associated with SOA tracers in summer and mainly associated with secondary ions in spring and winter, suggesting different formation mechanisms in different seasons. |
topic |
PM<sub>2.5</sub> secondary organic carbon organic tracer source apportionment central China |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/7/854 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT shiweizhang secondaryorganicaerosolsinpmsub25subinbengbuatypicalcityincentralchinaconcentrationseasonalvariationandsources AT haotang secondaryorganicaerosolsinpmsub25subinbengbuatypicalcityincentralchinaconcentrationseasonalvariationandsources AT qingli secondaryorganicaerosolsinpmsub25subinbengbuatypicalcityincentralchinaconcentrationseasonalvariationandsources AT liangli secondaryorganicaerosolsinpmsub25subinbengbuatypicalcityincentralchinaconcentrationseasonalvariationandsources AT chaojunge secondaryorganicaerosolsinpmsub25subinbengbuatypicalcityincentralchinaconcentrationseasonalvariationandsources AT lili secondaryorganicaerosolsinpmsub25subinbengbuatypicalcityincentralchinaconcentrationseasonalvariationandsources AT jialiangfeng secondaryorganicaerosolsinpmsub25subinbengbuatypicalcityincentralchinaconcentrationseasonalvariationandsources |
_version_ |
1721289473766981632 |