Phosphorus Dynamics Associated With Organic Carbon Mineralization by Reduction of Sulfate and Iron in Sediment Exposed to Fish Farming
The expansion of the aquaculture industry has resulted in accumulation of phosphorus (P)-rich organic matter via uneaten fish feed. To elucidate the impact of fish farming on P dynamics, P speciation, and benthic P release along with partitioning of organic carbon (Corg) mineralization coupled to su...
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doaj-dfafbb0c19024b2aa3e0ba2b5372b8032021-09-21T04:36:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452021-09-01810.3389/fmars.2021.645449645449Phosphorus Dynamics Associated With Organic Carbon Mineralization by Reduction of Sulfate and Iron in Sediment Exposed to Fish FarmingJin-Sook Mok0Ayeon Choi1Bomina Kim2Sung-Uk An3Won-Chan Lee4Hyung Chul Kim5Jonguk Kim6Cheolho Yoon7Jung-Ho Hyun8Department of Marine Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South KoreaDepartment of Marine Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South KoreaDepartment of Marine Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South KoreaDepartment of Marine Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South KoreaMarine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, South KoreaMarine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, South KoreaDeep-Sea and Seabed Mineral Resources Research Center, KIOST, Busan, South KoreaOchang Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, South KoreaDepartment of Marine Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South KoreaThe expansion of the aquaculture industry has resulted in accumulation of phosphorus (P)-rich organic matter via uneaten fish feed. To elucidate the impact of fish farming on P dynamics, P speciation, and benthic P release along with partitioning of organic carbon (Corg) mineralization coupled to sulfate reduction (SR) and iron reduction (FeR) were investigated in the sediments from Jinju Bay, off the southern coast of South Korea, in July 2013. SR in the farm sediment was 6.9-fold higher than the control sediment, and depth-integrated (0–10 cm) concentrations of NH4+, PO43–, and H2S in pore water of the farm sediment were 2.2-, 3.3-, and 7.4-fold higher than that in control sediment, respectively. High biogenic-P that comprised 28% of total P directly reflected the impact of P-rich fish feed, which ultimately enhanced the bioavailability (58% of total P) of P in the surface sediment of the farm site. In the farm sediment where SR dominated Corg mineralization, H2S oxidation coupled to the reduction of FeOOH stimulated release of P bound to iron oxide, which resulted in high regeneration efficiency (85%) of P in farm sediments. Enhanced P desorption from FeOOH was responsible for the increase in authigenic-P and benthic P flux. Authigenic-P comprised 33% of total P, and benthic P flux to the overlying water column accounted for approximately 800% of the P required for primary production. Consequently, excessive benthic P release resulting directly from oversupply of P-rich fish feed was a significant internal source of P for the water column, and may induce undesirable eutrophication and harmful algal blooms in shallow coastal ecosystems.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.645449/fullbiogenic apatite Pbenthic nutrient fluxP regenerationaquaculturephosphorus speciationsulfate reduction |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jin-Sook Mok Ayeon Choi Bomina Kim Sung-Uk An Won-Chan Lee Hyung Chul Kim Jonguk Kim Cheolho Yoon Jung-Ho Hyun |
spellingShingle |
Jin-Sook Mok Ayeon Choi Bomina Kim Sung-Uk An Won-Chan Lee Hyung Chul Kim Jonguk Kim Cheolho Yoon Jung-Ho Hyun Phosphorus Dynamics Associated With Organic Carbon Mineralization by Reduction of Sulfate and Iron in Sediment Exposed to Fish Farming Frontiers in Marine Science biogenic apatite P benthic nutrient flux P regeneration aquaculture phosphorus speciation sulfate reduction |
author_facet |
Jin-Sook Mok Ayeon Choi Bomina Kim Sung-Uk An Won-Chan Lee Hyung Chul Kim Jonguk Kim Cheolho Yoon Jung-Ho Hyun |
author_sort |
Jin-Sook Mok |
title |
Phosphorus Dynamics Associated With Organic Carbon Mineralization by Reduction of Sulfate and Iron in Sediment Exposed to Fish Farming |
title_short |
Phosphorus Dynamics Associated With Organic Carbon Mineralization by Reduction of Sulfate and Iron in Sediment Exposed to Fish Farming |
title_full |
Phosphorus Dynamics Associated With Organic Carbon Mineralization by Reduction of Sulfate and Iron in Sediment Exposed to Fish Farming |
title_fullStr |
Phosphorus Dynamics Associated With Organic Carbon Mineralization by Reduction of Sulfate and Iron in Sediment Exposed to Fish Farming |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phosphorus Dynamics Associated With Organic Carbon Mineralization by Reduction of Sulfate and Iron in Sediment Exposed to Fish Farming |
title_sort |
phosphorus dynamics associated with organic carbon mineralization by reduction of sulfate and iron in sediment exposed to fish farming |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
issn |
2296-7745 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
The expansion of the aquaculture industry has resulted in accumulation of phosphorus (P)-rich organic matter via uneaten fish feed. To elucidate the impact of fish farming on P dynamics, P speciation, and benthic P release along with partitioning of organic carbon (Corg) mineralization coupled to sulfate reduction (SR) and iron reduction (FeR) were investigated in the sediments from Jinju Bay, off the southern coast of South Korea, in July 2013. SR in the farm sediment was 6.9-fold higher than the control sediment, and depth-integrated (0–10 cm) concentrations of NH4+, PO43–, and H2S in pore water of the farm sediment were 2.2-, 3.3-, and 7.4-fold higher than that in control sediment, respectively. High biogenic-P that comprised 28% of total P directly reflected the impact of P-rich fish feed, which ultimately enhanced the bioavailability (58% of total P) of P in the surface sediment of the farm site. In the farm sediment where SR dominated Corg mineralization, H2S oxidation coupled to the reduction of FeOOH stimulated release of P bound to iron oxide, which resulted in high regeneration efficiency (85%) of P in farm sediments. Enhanced P desorption from FeOOH was responsible for the increase in authigenic-P and benthic P flux. Authigenic-P comprised 33% of total P, and benthic P flux to the overlying water column accounted for approximately 800% of the P required for primary production. Consequently, excessive benthic P release resulting directly from oversupply of P-rich fish feed was a significant internal source of P for the water column, and may induce undesirable eutrophication and harmful algal blooms in shallow coastal ecosystems. |
topic |
biogenic apatite P benthic nutrient flux P regeneration aquaculture phosphorus speciation sulfate reduction |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.645449/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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