Characterisation of Phage Susceptibility Variation in <i>Salmonella</i><i>enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b
The surge in mortality and morbidity rates caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria prompted a renewal of interest in bacteriophages (phages) as clinical therapeutics and natural biocontrol agents. Nevertheless, bacteria and phages are continually under the pressure of the evolutionary phage–hos...
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doaj-dfc1238fc5c145e7aebfc5d4daca0c4b2021-04-17T23:00:55ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-04-01986586510.3390/microorganisms9040865Characterisation of Phage Susceptibility Variation in <i>Salmonella</i><i>enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium DT104 and DT104bManal Mohammed0Beata Orzechowska1School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, Fitzrovia, London W1W 6XH, UKSchool of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, Fitzrovia, London W1W 6XH, UKThe surge in mortality and morbidity rates caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria prompted a renewal of interest in bacteriophages (phages) as clinical therapeutics and natural biocontrol agents. Nevertheless, bacteria and phages are continually under the pressure of the evolutionary phage–host arms race for survival, which is mediated by co-evolving resistance mechanisms. In Anderson phage typing scheme of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium, the epidemiologically related definitive phage types, DT 104 and DT 104b, display significantly different phage susceptibility profiles. This study aimed to characterise phage resistance mechanisms and genomic differences that may be responsible for the divergent phage reaction patterns in <i>S</i>. Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b using whole genome sequencing (WGS). The analysis of intact prophages, restriction–modification systems (RMS), plasmids and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), as well as CRISPR-associated proteins, revealed no unique genetic determinants that might explain the variation in phage susceptibility among the two phage types. Moreover, analysis of genes coding for potential phage receptors revealed no differences among DT104 and DT104b strains. However, the findings propose the need for experimental assessment of phage-specific receptors on the bacterial cell surface and analysis of bacterial transcriptome using RNA sequencing which will explain the differences in bacterial susceptibility to phages. Using Anderson phage typing scheme of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium for the study of bacteria-phage interaction will help improving our understanding of host–phage interactions which will ultimately lead to the development of phage-based technologies, enabling effective infection control.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/4/865<i>S</i>. TyphimuriumDT104DT104bprophagesRMSCRISPRs |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Manal Mohammed Beata Orzechowska |
spellingShingle |
Manal Mohammed Beata Orzechowska Characterisation of Phage Susceptibility Variation in <i>Salmonella</i><i>enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b Microorganisms <i>S</i>. Typhimurium DT104 DT104b prophages RMS CRISPRs |
author_facet |
Manal Mohammed Beata Orzechowska |
author_sort |
Manal Mohammed |
title |
Characterisation of Phage Susceptibility Variation in <i>Salmonella</i><i>enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b |
title_short |
Characterisation of Phage Susceptibility Variation in <i>Salmonella</i><i>enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b |
title_full |
Characterisation of Phage Susceptibility Variation in <i>Salmonella</i><i>enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b |
title_fullStr |
Characterisation of Phage Susceptibility Variation in <i>Salmonella</i><i>enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b |
title_full_unstemmed |
Characterisation of Phage Susceptibility Variation in <i>Salmonella</i><i>enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b |
title_sort |
characterisation of phage susceptibility variation in <i>salmonella</i><i>enterica</i> serovar typhimurium dt104 and dt104b |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Microorganisms |
issn |
2076-2607 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
The surge in mortality and morbidity rates caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria prompted a renewal of interest in bacteriophages (phages) as clinical therapeutics and natural biocontrol agents. Nevertheless, bacteria and phages are continually under the pressure of the evolutionary phage–host arms race for survival, which is mediated by co-evolving resistance mechanisms. In Anderson phage typing scheme of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium, the epidemiologically related definitive phage types, DT 104 and DT 104b, display significantly different phage susceptibility profiles. This study aimed to characterise phage resistance mechanisms and genomic differences that may be responsible for the divergent phage reaction patterns in <i>S</i>. Typhimurium DT104 and DT104b using whole genome sequencing (WGS). The analysis of intact prophages, restriction–modification systems (RMS), plasmids and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs), as well as CRISPR-associated proteins, revealed no unique genetic determinants that might explain the variation in phage susceptibility among the two phage types. Moreover, analysis of genes coding for potential phage receptors revealed no differences among DT104 and DT104b strains. However, the findings propose the need for experimental assessment of phage-specific receptors on the bacterial cell surface and analysis of bacterial transcriptome using RNA sequencing which will explain the differences in bacterial susceptibility to phages. Using Anderson phage typing scheme of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium for the study of bacteria-phage interaction will help improving our understanding of host–phage interactions which will ultimately lead to the development of phage-based technologies, enabling effective infection control. |
topic |
<i>S</i>. Typhimurium DT104 DT104b prophages RMS CRISPRs |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/4/865 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT manalmohammed characterisationofphagesusceptibilityvariationinisalmonellaiientericaiserovartyphimuriumdt104anddt104b AT beataorzechowska characterisationofphagesusceptibilityvariationinisalmonellaiientericaiserovartyphimuriumdt104anddt104b |
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1721523690302078976 |