Hydrated Peridotite – Basaltic Melt Interaction Part I: Planetary Felsic Crust Formation at Shallow Depth
Current theories suggest that the first continental crust on Earth, and possibly on other terrestrial planets, may have been produced early in their history by direct melting of hydrated peridotite. However, the conditions, mechanisms and necessary ingredients for this crustal formation remain elusi...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-05-01
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.640464/full |
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Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Anastassia Y. Borisova Anastassia Y. Borisova Nail R. Zagrtdenov Michael J. Toplis Wendy A. Bohrson Anne Nédélec Oleg G. Safonov Oleg G. Safonov Oleg G. Safonov Gleb S. Pokrovski Georges Ceuleneer Ilya N. Bindeman Ilya N. Bindeman Oleg E. Melnik Klaus Peter Jochum Brigitte Stoll Ulrike Weis Andrew Y. Bychkov Andrey A. Gurenko Svyatoslav Shcheka Artem Terehin Vladimir M. Polukeev Dmitry A. Varlamov Kouassi Chariteiro Sophie Gouy Philippe de Parseval |
spellingShingle |
Anastassia Y. Borisova Anastassia Y. Borisova Nail R. Zagrtdenov Michael J. Toplis Wendy A. Bohrson Anne Nédélec Oleg G. Safonov Oleg G. Safonov Oleg G. Safonov Gleb S. Pokrovski Georges Ceuleneer Ilya N. Bindeman Ilya N. Bindeman Oleg E. Melnik Klaus Peter Jochum Brigitte Stoll Ulrike Weis Andrew Y. Bychkov Andrey A. Gurenko Svyatoslav Shcheka Artem Terehin Vladimir M. Polukeev Dmitry A. Varlamov Kouassi Chariteiro Sophie Gouy Philippe de Parseval Hydrated Peridotite – Basaltic Melt Interaction Part I: Planetary Felsic Crust Formation at Shallow Depth Frontiers in Earth Science experiment basaltic melt-serpentinite rock interaction TTG ophiolites Hadean eon Noachian |
author_facet |
Anastassia Y. Borisova Anastassia Y. Borisova Nail R. Zagrtdenov Michael J. Toplis Wendy A. Bohrson Anne Nédélec Oleg G. Safonov Oleg G. Safonov Oleg G. Safonov Gleb S. Pokrovski Georges Ceuleneer Ilya N. Bindeman Ilya N. Bindeman Oleg E. Melnik Klaus Peter Jochum Brigitte Stoll Ulrike Weis Andrew Y. Bychkov Andrey A. Gurenko Svyatoslav Shcheka Artem Terehin Vladimir M. Polukeev Dmitry A. Varlamov Kouassi Chariteiro Sophie Gouy Philippe de Parseval |
author_sort |
Anastassia Y. Borisova |
title |
Hydrated Peridotite – Basaltic Melt Interaction Part I: Planetary Felsic Crust Formation at Shallow Depth |
title_short |
Hydrated Peridotite – Basaltic Melt Interaction Part I: Planetary Felsic Crust Formation at Shallow Depth |
title_full |
Hydrated Peridotite – Basaltic Melt Interaction Part I: Planetary Felsic Crust Formation at Shallow Depth |
title_fullStr |
Hydrated Peridotite – Basaltic Melt Interaction Part I: Planetary Felsic Crust Formation at Shallow Depth |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hydrated Peridotite – Basaltic Melt Interaction Part I: Planetary Felsic Crust Formation at Shallow Depth |
title_sort |
hydrated peridotite – basaltic melt interaction part i: planetary felsic crust formation at shallow depth |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
issn |
2296-6463 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
Current theories suggest that the first continental crust on Earth, and possibly on other terrestrial planets, may have been produced early in their history by direct melting of hydrated peridotite. However, the conditions, mechanisms and necessary ingredients for this crustal formation remain elusive. To fill this gap, we conducted time-series experiments to investigate the reaction of serpentinite with variable proportions (from 0 to 87 wt%) of basaltic melt at temperatures of 1,250–1,300°C and pressures of 0.2–1.0 GPa (corresponding to lithostatic depths of ∼5–30 km). The experiments at 0.2 GPa reveal the formation of forsterite-rich olivine (Fo90–94) and chromite coexisting with silica-rich liquids (57–71 wt% SiO2). These melts share geochemical similarities with tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite rocks (TTG) identified in modern terrestrial oceanic mantle settings. By contrast, liquids formed at pressures of 1.0 GPa are poorer in silica (∼50 wt% SiO2). Our results suggest a new mechanism for the formation of the embryonic continental crust via aqueous fluid-assisted partial melting of peridotite at relatively low pressures (∼0.2 GPa). We hypothesize that such a mechanism of felsic crust formation may have been widespread on the early Earth and, possibly on Mars as well, before the onset of modern plate tectonics and just after solidification of the first ultramafic-mafic magma ocean and alteration of this primitive protocrust by seawater at depths of less than 10 km. |
topic |
experiment basaltic melt-serpentinite rock interaction TTG ophiolites Hadean eon Noachian |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.640464/full |
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doaj-dfcbf83cdeb84b78853d968a2868e0d52021-05-28T10:05:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632021-05-01910.3389/feart.2021.640464640464Hydrated Peridotite – Basaltic Melt Interaction Part I: Planetary Felsic Crust Formation at Shallow DepthAnastassia Y. Borisova0Anastassia Y. Borisova1Nail R. Zagrtdenov2Michael J. Toplis3Wendy A. Bohrson4Anne Nédélec5Oleg G. Safonov6Oleg G. Safonov7Oleg G. Safonov8Gleb S. Pokrovski9Georges Ceuleneer10Ilya N. Bindeman11Ilya N. Bindeman12Oleg E. Melnik13Klaus Peter Jochum14Brigitte Stoll15Ulrike Weis16Andrew Y. Bychkov17Andrey A. Gurenko18Svyatoslav Shcheka19Artem Terehin20Vladimir M. Polukeev21Dmitry A. Varlamov22Kouassi Chariteiro23Sophie Gouy24Philippe de Parseval25Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, GET/OMP (CNRS, UT3, IRD, CNES), Toulouse, FranceGeological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, Moscow, RussiaGéosciences Environnement Toulouse, GET/OMP (CNRS, UT3, IRD, CNES), Toulouse, FranceInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP) UT3, CNRS, Toulouse, FranceDepartment of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden CO, United StatesGéosciences Environnement Toulouse, GET/OMP (CNRS, UT3, IRD, CNES), Toulouse, FranceGeological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, Moscow, RussiaKorzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, RussiaDepartment of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South AfricaGéosciences Environnement Toulouse, GET/OMP (CNRS, UT3, IRD, CNES), Toulouse, FranceGéosciences Environnement Toulouse, GET/OMP (CNRS, UT3, IRD, CNES), Toulouse, FranceDepartment of Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United StatesFersman Mineralogical Museum, Leninsky Prospect 18, Moscow, RussiaInstitute of Mechanics, Moscow State University, 1- Michurinskii Prosp, Moscow, Russia0Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany0Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany0Climate Geochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, GermanyGeological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, Moscow, Russia1Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, UMR 7358, Université de Lorraine, 54501 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France2Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (BGI), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, GermanyKorzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, RussiaKorzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, RussiaKorzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, RussiaGéosciences Environnement Toulouse, GET/OMP (CNRS, UT3, IRD, CNES), Toulouse, FranceGéosciences Environnement Toulouse, GET/OMP (CNRS, UT3, IRD, CNES), Toulouse, FranceGéosciences Environnement Toulouse, GET/OMP (CNRS, UT3, IRD, CNES), Toulouse, FranceCurrent theories suggest that the first continental crust on Earth, and possibly on other terrestrial planets, may have been produced early in their history by direct melting of hydrated peridotite. However, the conditions, mechanisms and necessary ingredients for this crustal formation remain elusive. To fill this gap, we conducted time-series experiments to investigate the reaction of serpentinite with variable proportions (from 0 to 87 wt%) of basaltic melt at temperatures of 1,250–1,300°C and pressures of 0.2–1.0 GPa (corresponding to lithostatic depths of ∼5–30 km). The experiments at 0.2 GPa reveal the formation of forsterite-rich olivine (Fo90–94) and chromite coexisting with silica-rich liquids (57–71 wt% SiO2). These melts share geochemical similarities with tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite rocks (TTG) identified in modern terrestrial oceanic mantle settings. By contrast, liquids formed at pressures of 1.0 GPa are poorer in silica (∼50 wt% SiO2). Our results suggest a new mechanism for the formation of the embryonic continental crust via aqueous fluid-assisted partial melting of peridotite at relatively low pressures (∼0.2 GPa). We hypothesize that such a mechanism of felsic crust formation may have been widespread on the early Earth and, possibly on Mars as well, before the onset of modern plate tectonics and just after solidification of the first ultramafic-mafic magma ocean and alteration of this primitive protocrust by seawater at depths of less than 10 km.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.640464/fullexperimentbasaltic melt-serpentinite rock interactionTTGophiolitesHadean eonNoachian |