Sex determination by the length ratio of metacarpals and phalanges: X-ray study on Iranian population
Background: In forensic anthropological identification, we usually use body remains. Accurate sex estimation from these remains is very important and needs the knowledge of specific population standards of that area. Sometimes, human remains are damaged by environmental circumstances. So, we must ex...
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doaj-dfd4410814404559a84c35c5d45074b02020-11-25T01:02:58ZfasTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran University Medical Journal1683-17641735-73222018-11-01768558561Sex determination by the length ratio of metacarpals and phalanges: X-ray study on Iranian populationMaryam Ameri0Soheila Ghorbani1Ebrahim Ameri2Forouzan Fares3 Department of Forensic Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Forensic Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Forensic Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Background: In forensic anthropological identification, we usually use body remains. Accurate sex estimation from these remains is very important and needs the knowledge of specific population standards of that area. Sometimes, human remains are damaged by environmental circumstances. So, we must examine single bones for sex estimation. One of the relatively resistant bones to environmental conditions are hand bones. Specific hand phalanges and metacarpals have significantly different dimensions in two sexes depending to each population and can be a helpful tool to estimate the gender of individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of estimating gender using phalanges and metacarpals dimensions in Iranian people. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on the X-ray images of adult people hands between the months of March and September 2017. They referred to Shafayahyaian Hospital, the educational and referral center of orthopedic disease of Iran University of Medical Sciences, in Iran. 200 adult persons (100 male and 100 female) without any background of specific disease, entered in our study. In each case, the length of D: distal phalanx, M: middle phalanx, P: proximal phalanx, MC: metacarpal, Fl: finger length, and T: total (Distal phalanx+middle phalanx+proximal phalanx+soft tissue of the finger tip) were measured in millimeter and reported in ratio. All analyses were done using SPSS software, version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Student t-test showed that many ratios were significantly different between two genders. It is concluded that the length ratio of metacarpals and phalanges could be used for sex determination. The most valuable ratios were FL1/FL3 and MC4/MC5. Multivariate logistic regression test reported an equation by which the gender is predictable. Z= 5.856+ -3.904 X FL1/FL3+ -1.865 X MC4/MC5. Conclusion: If “Z=0”, the gender is male and if “Z=1”, it is female without any doubt. In our knowledge, this study provides the first population sex estimation formulae from the hand bones in Iranian population. However, we need further studies in larger groups to use this equation for sex determination in forensic contexts.http://tumj.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3847-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1Finger PhalangesMetacarpal BonesIransex determination |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
fas |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Maryam Ameri Soheila Ghorbani Ebrahim Ameri Forouzan Fares |
spellingShingle |
Maryam Ameri Soheila Ghorbani Ebrahim Ameri Forouzan Fares Sex determination by the length ratio of metacarpals and phalanges: X-ray study on Iranian population Tehran University Medical Journal Finger Phalanges Metacarpal Bones Iran sex determination |
author_facet |
Maryam Ameri Soheila Ghorbani Ebrahim Ameri Forouzan Fares |
author_sort |
Maryam Ameri |
title |
Sex determination by the length ratio of metacarpals and phalanges: X-ray study on Iranian population |
title_short |
Sex determination by the length ratio of metacarpals and phalanges: X-ray study on Iranian population |
title_full |
Sex determination by the length ratio of metacarpals and phalanges: X-ray study on Iranian population |
title_fullStr |
Sex determination by the length ratio of metacarpals and phalanges: X-ray study on Iranian population |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sex determination by the length ratio of metacarpals and phalanges: X-ray study on Iranian population |
title_sort |
sex determination by the length ratio of metacarpals and phalanges: x-ray study on iranian population |
publisher |
Tehran University of Medical Sciences |
series |
Tehran University Medical Journal |
issn |
1683-1764 1735-7322 |
publishDate |
2018-11-01 |
description |
Background: In forensic anthropological identification, we usually use body remains. Accurate sex estimation from these remains is very important and needs the knowledge of specific population standards of that area. Sometimes, human remains are damaged by environmental circumstances. So, we must examine single bones for sex estimation. One of the relatively resistant bones to environmental conditions are hand bones. Specific hand phalanges and metacarpals have significantly different dimensions in two sexes depending to each population and can be a helpful tool to estimate the gender of individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of estimating gender using phalanges and metacarpals dimensions in Iranian people.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted on the X-ray images of adult people hands between the months of March and September 2017. They referred to Shafayahyaian Hospital, the educational and referral center of orthopedic disease of Iran University of Medical Sciences, in Iran. 200 adult persons (100 male and 100 female) without any background of specific disease, entered in our study. In each case, the length of D: distal phalanx, M: middle phalanx, P: proximal phalanx, MC: metacarpal, Fl: finger length, and T: total (Distal phalanx+middle phalanx+proximal phalanx+soft tissue of the finger tip) were measured in millimeter and reported in ratio. All analyses were done using SPSS software, version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: Student t-test showed that many ratios were significantly different between two genders. It is concluded that the length ratio of metacarpals and phalanges could be used for sex determination. The most valuable ratios were FL1/FL3 and MC4/MC5. Multivariate logistic regression test reported an equation by which the gender is predictable. Z= 5.856+ -3.904 X FL1/FL3+ -1.865 X MC4/MC5.
Conclusion: If “Z=0”, the gender is male and if “Z=1”, it is female without any doubt. In our knowledge, this study provides the first population sex estimation formulae from the hand bones in Iranian population. However, we need further studies in larger groups to use this equation for sex determination in forensic contexts. |
topic |
Finger Phalanges Metacarpal Bones Iran sex determination |
url |
http://tumj.tums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3847-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT maryamameri sexdeterminationbythelengthratioofmetacarpalsandphalangesxraystudyoniranianpopulation AT soheilaghorbani sexdeterminationbythelengthratioofmetacarpalsandphalangesxraystudyoniranianpopulation AT ebrahimameri sexdeterminationbythelengthratioofmetacarpalsandphalangesxraystudyoniranianpopulation AT forouzanfares sexdeterminationbythelengthratioofmetacarpalsandphalangesxraystudyoniranianpopulation |
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