STIM Proteins: An Ever-Expanding Family
Stromal interaction molecules (STIM) are a distinct class of ubiquitously expressed single-pass transmembrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Together with Orai ion channels in the plasma membrane (PM), they form the molecular basis of the calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC...
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doaj-dfde9a8357d347838ee3c8ecb253b9322021-01-01T00:05:51ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-12-012237837810.3390/ijms22010378STIM Proteins: An Ever-Expanding FamilyHerwig Grabmayr0Christoph Romanin1Marc Fahrner2Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, AustriaInstitute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, AustriaInstitute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, AustriaStromal interaction molecules (STIM) are a distinct class of ubiquitously expressed single-pass transmembrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Together with Orai ion channels in the plasma membrane (PM), they form the molecular basis of the calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel. An intracellular signaling pathway known as store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is critically dependent on the CRAC channel. The SOCE pathway is activated by the ligand-induced depletion of the ER calcium store. STIM proteins, acting as calcium sensors, subsequently sense this depletion and activate Orai ion channels via direct physical interaction to allow the influx of calcium ions for store refilling and downstream signaling processes. This review article is dedicated to the latest advances in the field of STIM proteins. New results of ongoing investigations based on the recently published functional data as well as structural data from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are reported and complemented with a discussion of the latest developments in the research of STIM protein isoforms and their differential functions in regulating SOCE.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/1/378STIM1STIM2isoformsOraiCRACSOCE |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Herwig Grabmayr Christoph Romanin Marc Fahrner |
spellingShingle |
Herwig Grabmayr Christoph Romanin Marc Fahrner STIM Proteins: An Ever-Expanding Family International Journal of Molecular Sciences STIM1 STIM2 isoforms Orai CRAC SOCE |
author_facet |
Herwig Grabmayr Christoph Romanin Marc Fahrner |
author_sort |
Herwig Grabmayr |
title |
STIM Proteins: An Ever-Expanding Family |
title_short |
STIM Proteins: An Ever-Expanding Family |
title_full |
STIM Proteins: An Ever-Expanding Family |
title_fullStr |
STIM Proteins: An Ever-Expanding Family |
title_full_unstemmed |
STIM Proteins: An Ever-Expanding Family |
title_sort |
stim proteins: an ever-expanding family |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2021-12-01 |
description |
Stromal interaction molecules (STIM) are a distinct class of ubiquitously expressed single-pass transmembrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Together with Orai ion channels in the plasma membrane (PM), they form the molecular basis of the calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel. An intracellular signaling pathway known as store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is critically dependent on the CRAC channel. The SOCE pathway is activated by the ligand-induced depletion of the ER calcium store. STIM proteins, acting as calcium sensors, subsequently sense this depletion and activate Orai ion channels via direct physical interaction to allow the influx of calcium ions for store refilling and downstream signaling processes. This review article is dedicated to the latest advances in the field of STIM proteins. New results of ongoing investigations based on the recently published functional data as well as structural data from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are reported and complemented with a discussion of the latest developments in the research of STIM protein isoforms and their differential functions in regulating SOCE. |
topic |
STIM1 STIM2 isoforms Orai CRAC SOCE |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/1/378 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT herwiggrabmayr stimproteinsaneverexpandingfamily AT christophromanin stimproteinsaneverexpandingfamily AT marcfahrner stimproteinsaneverexpandingfamily |
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1724364486706462720 |