Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Constituents from Fresh Fruits of Alchornea cordifolia and Canthium subcordatum
Bacterial resistance has been increasingly reported worldwide and is one of the major causes of failure in the treatment of infectious diseases. Natural-based products, including plant secondary metabolites (phytochemicals), can be exploited to ameliorate the problem of microbial resistance. The fru...
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doaj-e002e07f4670454f859d7db509aa85f32020-11-24T21:38:52ZengMDPI AGMedicines2305-63202015-12-0131110.3390/medicines3010001medicines3010001Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Constituents from Fresh Fruits of Alchornea cordifolia and Canthium subcordatumEmmanuel E. Essien0Jennifer Schmidt Newby1Tameka M. Walker2William N. Setzer3Olusegun Ekundayo4Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State 520101, NigeriaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, NigeriaBacterial resistance has been increasingly reported worldwide and is one of the major causes of failure in the treatment of infectious diseases. Natural-based products, including plant secondary metabolites (phytochemicals), can be exploited to ameliorate the problem of microbial resistance. The fruit essential oils of Alchornea cordifolia and Canthium subcordatum were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oils were subjected to in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity screening. Thirty-eight compounds comprising 97.7% of A. cordifolia oil and forty-six constituents representing 98.2% of C. subcordatum oil were identified. The major components in A. cordifolia oil were methyl salicylate (25.3%), citronellol (21.4%), α-phellandrene (7.4%), terpinolene (5.7%) and 1,8-cineole (5.5%). Benzaldehyde (28.0%), β-caryophyllene (15.5%), (E,E)-α-farnesene (5.3%) and methyl salicylate (4.5%) were the quantitatively significant constituents in C. subcordatum fruit essential oil. A. cordifolia essential oil demonstrated potent in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 78 μg/mL) and marginal antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (MIC = 156 μg/mL). C. subcordatum showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and S. aureus (MIC = 156 μg/mL) and notable antifungal activity against A. niger (MIC = 39 μg/mL). However, no appreciable cytotoxic effects on human breast carcinoma cells (Hs 578T) and human prostate carcinoma cells (PC-3) were observed for either essential oil. The antimicrobial activities of A. cordifolia and C. subcordatum fruit essential oils are a function of their distinct chemical profiles; their volatiles and biological activities are reported for the first time.http://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/3/1/1Alchornea cordifoliaCanthium subcordatumessential oil compositionantibacterialantifungal |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Emmanuel E. Essien Jennifer Schmidt Newby Tameka M. Walker William N. Setzer Olusegun Ekundayo |
spellingShingle |
Emmanuel E. Essien Jennifer Schmidt Newby Tameka M. Walker William N. Setzer Olusegun Ekundayo Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Constituents from Fresh Fruits of Alchornea cordifolia and Canthium subcordatum Medicines Alchornea cordifolia Canthium subcordatum essential oil composition antibacterial antifungal |
author_facet |
Emmanuel E. Essien Jennifer Schmidt Newby Tameka M. Walker William N. Setzer Olusegun Ekundayo |
author_sort |
Emmanuel E. Essien |
title |
Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Constituents from Fresh Fruits of Alchornea cordifolia and Canthium subcordatum |
title_short |
Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Constituents from Fresh Fruits of Alchornea cordifolia and Canthium subcordatum |
title_full |
Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Constituents from Fresh Fruits of Alchornea cordifolia and Canthium subcordatum |
title_fullStr |
Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Constituents from Fresh Fruits of Alchornea cordifolia and Canthium subcordatum |
title_full_unstemmed |
Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Constituents from Fresh Fruits of Alchornea cordifolia and Canthium subcordatum |
title_sort |
characterization and antimicrobial activity of volatile constituents from fresh fruits of alchornea cordifolia and canthium subcordatum |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Medicines |
issn |
2305-6320 |
publishDate |
2015-12-01 |
description |
Bacterial resistance has been increasingly reported worldwide and is one of the major causes of failure in the treatment of infectious diseases. Natural-based products, including plant secondary metabolites (phytochemicals), can be exploited to ameliorate the problem of microbial resistance. The fruit essential oils of Alchornea cordifolia and Canthium subcordatum were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oils were subjected to in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activity screening. Thirty-eight compounds comprising 97.7% of A. cordifolia oil and forty-six constituents representing 98.2% of C. subcordatum oil were identified. The major components in A. cordifolia oil were methyl salicylate (25.3%), citronellol (21.4%), α-phellandrene (7.4%), terpinolene (5.7%) and 1,8-cineole (5.5%). Benzaldehyde (28.0%), β-caryophyllene (15.5%), (E,E)-α-farnesene (5.3%) and methyl salicylate (4.5%) were the quantitatively significant constituents in C. subcordatum fruit essential oil. A. cordifolia essential oil demonstrated potent in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 78 μg/mL) and marginal antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (MIC = 156 μg/mL). C. subcordatum showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and S. aureus (MIC = 156 μg/mL) and notable antifungal activity against A. niger (MIC = 39 μg/mL). However, no appreciable cytotoxic effects on human breast carcinoma cells (Hs 578T) and human prostate carcinoma cells (PC-3) were observed for either essential oil. The antimicrobial activities of A. cordifolia and C. subcordatum fruit essential oils are a function of their distinct chemical profiles; their volatiles and biological activities are reported for the first time. |
topic |
Alchornea cordifolia Canthium subcordatum essential oil composition antibacterial antifungal |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/3/1/1 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT emmanueleessien characterizationandantimicrobialactivityofvolatileconstituentsfromfreshfruitsofalchorneacordifoliaandcanthiumsubcordatum AT jenniferschmidtnewby characterizationandantimicrobialactivityofvolatileconstituentsfromfreshfruitsofalchorneacordifoliaandcanthiumsubcordatum AT tamekamwalker characterizationandantimicrobialactivityofvolatileconstituentsfromfreshfruitsofalchorneacordifoliaandcanthiumsubcordatum AT williamnsetzer characterizationandantimicrobialactivityofvolatileconstituentsfromfreshfruitsofalchorneacordifoliaandcanthiumsubcordatum AT olusegunekundayo characterizationandantimicrobialactivityofvolatileconstituentsfromfreshfruitsofalchorneacordifoliaandcanthiumsubcordatum |
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