Effects of Blank Quality on Press-Formed PEKK/Carbon Composite Parts
The causes of delamination and porosities during press forming of pre-consolidated flat laminates (blanks) made of carbon fiber-reinforced poly(ether ketone ketone) (PEKK) were addressed in this study. In particular, the quality of the blank laminate was investigated before and after infrared heatin...
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doaj-e03c26167a3f43fb9f617171214b1aa02020-11-24T23:58:44ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442018-06-01117106310.3390/ma11071063ma11071063Effects of Blank Quality on Press-Formed PEKK/Carbon Composite PartsValentina Donadei0Francesca Lionetto1Michael Wielandt2Arnt Offringa3Alfonso Maffezzoli4Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, ItalyDepartment of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, ItalyGKN Fokker Technologies BV, 7903 AN Hoogeveen, The NetherlandsGKN Fokker Technologies BV, 7903 AN Hoogeveen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, ItalyThe causes of delamination and porosities during press forming of pre-consolidated flat laminates (blanks) made of carbon fiber-reinforced poly(ether ketone ketone) (PEKK) were addressed in this study. In particular, the quality of the blank laminate was investigated before and after infrared heating. The consolidation quality was evaluated by thickness measurements, non-destructive inspection (NDI), and optical microscopy. The experimental results confirmed that deconsolidation phenomena can be related to residual stresses formed during blank forming in an autoclave, then released during infrared heating (IR) of the blank, determining most of the defects in IR heated blanks. These defects, generated at the pre-heating stage, were not fully removed in the consolidation stage of the press forming process. An annealing treatment, performed on autoclave-consolidated blanks above the glass transition temperature of the matrix, was proposed to reduce the formation of defects during IR heating. The stress relaxation phenomena during annealing were modelled using a simple viscoelastic model.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/7/1063polymer matrix compositeslaminatesthermoplastic matrixPEKKpress formingdeconsolidationstress relaxationannealing |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Valentina Donadei Francesca Lionetto Michael Wielandt Arnt Offringa Alfonso Maffezzoli |
spellingShingle |
Valentina Donadei Francesca Lionetto Michael Wielandt Arnt Offringa Alfonso Maffezzoli Effects of Blank Quality on Press-Formed PEKK/Carbon Composite Parts Materials polymer matrix composites laminates thermoplastic matrix PEKK press forming deconsolidation stress relaxation annealing |
author_facet |
Valentina Donadei Francesca Lionetto Michael Wielandt Arnt Offringa Alfonso Maffezzoli |
author_sort |
Valentina Donadei |
title |
Effects of Blank Quality on Press-Formed PEKK/Carbon Composite Parts |
title_short |
Effects of Blank Quality on Press-Formed PEKK/Carbon Composite Parts |
title_full |
Effects of Blank Quality on Press-Formed PEKK/Carbon Composite Parts |
title_fullStr |
Effects of Blank Quality on Press-Formed PEKK/Carbon Composite Parts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of Blank Quality on Press-Formed PEKK/Carbon Composite Parts |
title_sort |
effects of blank quality on press-formed pekk/carbon composite parts |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2018-06-01 |
description |
The causes of delamination and porosities during press forming of pre-consolidated flat laminates (blanks) made of carbon fiber-reinforced poly(ether ketone ketone) (PEKK) were addressed in this study. In particular, the quality of the blank laminate was investigated before and after infrared heating. The consolidation quality was evaluated by thickness measurements, non-destructive inspection (NDI), and optical microscopy. The experimental results confirmed that deconsolidation phenomena can be related to residual stresses formed during blank forming in an autoclave, then released during infrared heating (IR) of the blank, determining most of the defects in IR heated blanks. These defects, generated at the pre-heating stage, were not fully removed in the consolidation stage of the press forming process. An annealing treatment, performed on autoclave-consolidated blanks above the glass transition temperature of the matrix, was proposed to reduce the formation of defects during IR heating. The stress relaxation phenomena during annealing were modelled using a simple viscoelastic model. |
topic |
polymer matrix composites laminates thermoplastic matrix PEKK press forming deconsolidation stress relaxation annealing |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/7/1063 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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