pH and Urea Estimation in Urine Samples using Single Fluorophore and Ratiometric Fluorescent Biosensors
Abstract Kidney diseases remain often undiagnosed due to inefficient screening methods available at patient’s disposal. Early diagnosis and effective management of kidney problems can best be addressed by the development of biosensors for commonly occurring clinical biomarkers. Here we report the de...
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doaj-e0e5a87107164eb4a108a5447d7d26ee2020-12-08T02:03:45ZengNature Publishing GroupScientific Reports2045-23222017-07-01711910.1038/s41598-017-06060-ypH and Urea Estimation in Urine Samples using Single Fluorophore and Ratiometric Fluorescent BiosensorsRashmi Chaudhari0Abhijeet Joshi1Rohit Srivastava2Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, PowaiCentre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, SimrolDepartment of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, PowaiAbstract Kidney diseases remain often undiagnosed due to inefficient screening methods available at patient’s disposal. Early diagnosis and effective management of kidney problems can best be addressed by the development of biosensors for commonly occurring clinical biomarkers. Here we report the development of single fluorophore and dual fluorophore ratiometric biosensors based on alginate microspheres for pH and urea analysis in urine samples. A facile method of air driven atomization was used for developing these polymeric fluorophore and enzyme based biosensors. Ratiometric biosensors were developed using layer-by-layer coating of polyelectrolyte conjugated to reference fluorophores. Biosensing studies using these biosensors showed that samples in pathophysiological range can be measured having pH range of 4–8 and urea levels between 0–50 mM. Testing of urine samples using these biosensors showed that both pH and urea detection can be accurately performed without interference. Thus, we believe that FITC-Dextran and FITC-Dextran/RuBpy based pH and urea biosensors show a great potential to be translated as a point of care device for pH and urea biosensing in early detection and continuous monitoring of kidney diseases.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06060-y |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Rashmi Chaudhari Abhijeet Joshi Rohit Srivastava |
spellingShingle |
Rashmi Chaudhari Abhijeet Joshi Rohit Srivastava pH and Urea Estimation in Urine Samples using Single Fluorophore and Ratiometric Fluorescent Biosensors Scientific Reports |
author_facet |
Rashmi Chaudhari Abhijeet Joshi Rohit Srivastava |
author_sort |
Rashmi Chaudhari |
title |
pH and Urea Estimation in Urine Samples using Single Fluorophore and Ratiometric Fluorescent Biosensors |
title_short |
pH and Urea Estimation in Urine Samples using Single Fluorophore and Ratiometric Fluorescent Biosensors |
title_full |
pH and Urea Estimation in Urine Samples using Single Fluorophore and Ratiometric Fluorescent Biosensors |
title_fullStr |
pH and Urea Estimation in Urine Samples using Single Fluorophore and Ratiometric Fluorescent Biosensors |
title_full_unstemmed |
pH and Urea Estimation in Urine Samples using Single Fluorophore and Ratiometric Fluorescent Biosensors |
title_sort |
ph and urea estimation in urine samples using single fluorophore and ratiometric fluorescent biosensors |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
series |
Scientific Reports |
issn |
2045-2322 |
publishDate |
2017-07-01 |
description |
Abstract Kidney diseases remain often undiagnosed due to inefficient screening methods available at patient’s disposal. Early diagnosis and effective management of kidney problems can best be addressed by the development of biosensors for commonly occurring clinical biomarkers. Here we report the development of single fluorophore and dual fluorophore ratiometric biosensors based on alginate microspheres for pH and urea analysis in urine samples. A facile method of air driven atomization was used for developing these polymeric fluorophore and enzyme based biosensors. Ratiometric biosensors were developed using layer-by-layer coating of polyelectrolyte conjugated to reference fluorophores. Biosensing studies using these biosensors showed that samples in pathophysiological range can be measured having pH range of 4–8 and urea levels between 0–50 mM. Testing of urine samples using these biosensors showed that both pH and urea detection can be accurately performed without interference. Thus, we believe that FITC-Dextran and FITC-Dextran/RuBpy based pH and urea biosensors show a great potential to be translated as a point of care device for pH and urea biosensing in early detection and continuous monitoring of kidney diseases. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06060-y |
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