Microbial production of ectoine and hydroxyectoine as high-value chemicals
Abstract Ectoine and hydroxyectoine as typical representatives of compatible solutes are not only essential for extremophiles to survive in extreme environments, but also widely used in cosmetic and medical industries. Ectoine was traditionally produced by Halomonas elongata through a “bacterial mil...
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doaj-e0fae49b611e40b0a93f1f23e69089d02021-03-28T11:24:43ZengBMCMicrobial Cell Factories1475-28592021-03-0120111110.1186/s12934-021-01567-6Microbial production of ectoine and hydroxyectoine as high-value chemicalsMengshuang Liu0Hui Liu1Meng Shi2Mingyue Jiang3Lingling Li4Yanning Zheng5State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Microbiology, University of WashingtonState Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Ectoine and hydroxyectoine as typical representatives of compatible solutes are not only essential for extremophiles to survive in extreme environments, but also widely used in cosmetic and medical industries. Ectoine was traditionally produced by Halomonas elongata through a “bacterial milking” process, of which the marked feature is using a high-salt medium to stimulate ectoine biosynthesis and then excreting ectoine into a low-salt medium by osmotic shock. The optimal hydroxyectoine production was achieved by optimizing the fermentation process of Halomonas salina. However, high-salinity broth exacerbates the corrosion to fermenters, and more importantly, brings a big challenge to the subsequent wastewater treatment. Therefore, increasing attention has been paid to reducing the salinity of the fermentation broth but without a sacrifice of ectoine/hydroxyectoine production. With the fast development of functional genomics and synthetic biology, quite a lot of progress on the bioproduction of ectoine/hydroxyectoine has been achieved in recent years. The importation and expression of an ectoine producing pathway in a non-halophilic chassis has so far achieved the highest titer of ectoine (~ 65 g/L), while rational flux-tuning of halophilic chassis represents a promising strategy for the next-generation of ectoine industrial production. However, efficient conversion of ectoine to hydroxyectoine, which could benefit from a clearer understanding of the ectoine hydroxylase, is still a challenge to date.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-021-01567-6Metabolic engineeringHalophilesModel microorganismsEctoineHydroxyectoine |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mengshuang Liu Hui Liu Meng Shi Mingyue Jiang Lingling Li Yanning Zheng |
spellingShingle |
Mengshuang Liu Hui Liu Meng Shi Mingyue Jiang Lingling Li Yanning Zheng Microbial production of ectoine and hydroxyectoine as high-value chemicals Microbial Cell Factories Metabolic engineering Halophiles Model microorganisms Ectoine Hydroxyectoine |
author_facet |
Mengshuang Liu Hui Liu Meng Shi Mingyue Jiang Lingling Li Yanning Zheng |
author_sort |
Mengshuang Liu |
title |
Microbial production of ectoine and hydroxyectoine as high-value chemicals |
title_short |
Microbial production of ectoine and hydroxyectoine as high-value chemicals |
title_full |
Microbial production of ectoine and hydroxyectoine as high-value chemicals |
title_fullStr |
Microbial production of ectoine and hydroxyectoine as high-value chemicals |
title_full_unstemmed |
Microbial production of ectoine and hydroxyectoine as high-value chemicals |
title_sort |
microbial production of ectoine and hydroxyectoine as high-value chemicals |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Microbial Cell Factories |
issn |
1475-2859 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
Abstract Ectoine and hydroxyectoine as typical representatives of compatible solutes are not only essential for extremophiles to survive in extreme environments, but also widely used in cosmetic and medical industries. Ectoine was traditionally produced by Halomonas elongata through a “bacterial milking” process, of which the marked feature is using a high-salt medium to stimulate ectoine biosynthesis and then excreting ectoine into a low-salt medium by osmotic shock. The optimal hydroxyectoine production was achieved by optimizing the fermentation process of Halomonas salina. However, high-salinity broth exacerbates the corrosion to fermenters, and more importantly, brings a big challenge to the subsequent wastewater treatment. Therefore, increasing attention has been paid to reducing the salinity of the fermentation broth but without a sacrifice of ectoine/hydroxyectoine production. With the fast development of functional genomics and synthetic biology, quite a lot of progress on the bioproduction of ectoine/hydroxyectoine has been achieved in recent years. The importation and expression of an ectoine producing pathway in a non-halophilic chassis has so far achieved the highest titer of ectoine (~ 65 g/L), while rational flux-tuning of halophilic chassis represents a promising strategy for the next-generation of ectoine industrial production. However, efficient conversion of ectoine to hydroxyectoine, which could benefit from a clearer understanding of the ectoine hydroxylase, is still a challenge to date. |
topic |
Metabolic engineering Halophiles Model microorganisms Ectoine Hydroxyectoine |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-021-01567-6 |
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