Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation
In order to inhibit pathogenic complications and to enhance animal and poultry growth, antibiotics have been extensively used for many years. Antibiotics applications not only affect target pathogens but also intestinal beneficially microbes, inducing long-lasting changes in intestinal microbiota as...
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doaj-e0ff246c9221448aa110c733485c10392021-04-08T05:28:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-04-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.616713616713Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune RegulationAbdul Raheem0Abdul Raheem1Lin Liang2Lin Liang3Guangzhi Zhang4Guangzhi Zhang5Shangjin Cui6Shangjin Cui7Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaScientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaScientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaScientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaScientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, ChinaIn order to inhibit pathogenic complications and to enhance animal and poultry growth, antibiotics have been extensively used for many years. Antibiotics applications not only affect target pathogens but also intestinal beneficially microbes, inducing long-lasting changes in intestinal microbiota associated with diseases. The application of antibiotics also has many other side effects like, intestinal barrier dysfunction, antibiotics residues in foodstuffs, nephropathy, allergy, bone marrow toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive disorders, hepatotoxicity carcinogenicity, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which greatly compromise the efficacy of antibiotics. Thus, the development of new antibiotics is necessary, while the search for antibiotic alternatives continues. Probiotics are considered the ideal antibiotic substitute; in recent years, probiotic research concerning their application during pathogenic infections in humans, aquaculture, poultry, and livestock industry, with emphasis on modulating the immune system of the host, has been attracting considerable interest. Hence, the adverse effects of antibiotics and remedial effects of probiotics during infectious diseases have become central points of focus among researchers. Probiotics are live microorganisms, and when given in adequate quantities, confer good health effects to the host through different mechanisms. Among them, the regulation of host immune response during pathogenic infections is one of the most important mechanisms. A number of studies have investigated different aspects of probiotics. In this review, we mainly summarize recent discoveries and discuss two important aspects: (1) the application of probiotics during pathogenic infections; and (2) their modulatory effects on the immune response of the host during infectious and non-infectious diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.616713/fullantibiotic resistant bacteriaantibiotics alternativeprobioticspathogenic infectionsimmunomodulating |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Abdul Raheem Abdul Raheem Lin Liang Lin Liang Guangzhi Zhang Guangzhi Zhang Shangjin Cui Shangjin Cui |
spellingShingle |
Abdul Raheem Abdul Raheem Lin Liang Lin Liang Guangzhi Zhang Guangzhi Zhang Shangjin Cui Shangjin Cui Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation Frontiers in Immunology antibiotic resistant bacteria antibiotics alternative probiotics pathogenic infections immunomodulating |
author_facet |
Abdul Raheem Abdul Raheem Lin Liang Lin Liang Guangzhi Zhang Guangzhi Zhang Shangjin Cui Shangjin Cui |
author_sort |
Abdul Raheem |
title |
Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation |
title_short |
Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation |
title_full |
Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation |
title_fullStr |
Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation |
title_sort |
modulatory effects of probiotics during pathogenic infections with emphasis on immune regulation |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
In order to inhibit pathogenic complications and to enhance animal and poultry growth, antibiotics have been extensively used for many years. Antibiotics applications not only affect target pathogens but also intestinal beneficially microbes, inducing long-lasting changes in intestinal microbiota associated with diseases. The application of antibiotics also has many other side effects like, intestinal barrier dysfunction, antibiotics residues in foodstuffs, nephropathy, allergy, bone marrow toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive disorders, hepatotoxicity carcinogenicity, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which greatly compromise the efficacy of antibiotics. Thus, the development of new antibiotics is necessary, while the search for antibiotic alternatives continues. Probiotics are considered the ideal antibiotic substitute; in recent years, probiotic research concerning their application during pathogenic infections in humans, aquaculture, poultry, and livestock industry, with emphasis on modulating the immune system of the host, has been attracting considerable interest. Hence, the adverse effects of antibiotics and remedial effects of probiotics during infectious diseases have become central points of focus among researchers. Probiotics are live microorganisms, and when given in adequate quantities, confer good health effects to the host through different mechanisms. Among them, the regulation of host immune response during pathogenic infections is one of the most important mechanisms. A number of studies have investigated different aspects of probiotics. In this review, we mainly summarize recent discoveries and discuss two important aspects: (1) the application of probiotics during pathogenic infections; and (2) their modulatory effects on the immune response of the host during infectious and non-infectious diseases. |
topic |
antibiotic resistant bacteria antibiotics alternative probiotics pathogenic infections immunomodulating |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.616713/full |
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