Do Fallow Season Cover Crops Increase N<sub>2</sub>O or CH<sub>4</sub> Emission from Paddy Soils in the Mono-Rice Cropping System?
Cover crop management during the fallow season may play a relevant role in improving crop productivity and soil quality, by increasing nitrogen (N) and soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation, but has the possibility of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the soil. A year-long consistency...
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doaj-e15097f70e4c406eb6a1513e823f07cf2021-04-02T19:27:19ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-01-011119919910.3390/agronomy11020199Do Fallow Season Cover Crops Increase N<sub>2</sub>O or CH<sub>4</sub> Emission from Paddy Soils in the Mono-Rice Cropping System?Jie Li0Shuai Wang1Yuanliang Shi2Lili Zhang3Zhijie Wu4Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, ChinaInstitute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, ChinaInstitute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, ChinaInstitute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, ChinaInstitute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, ChinaCover crop management during the fallow season may play a relevant role in improving crop productivity and soil quality, by increasing nitrogen (N) and soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation, but has the possibility of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the soil. A year-long consistency experiment was conducted to examine the effects of various winter covering crops on annual nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) together with methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions in the mono-rice planting system, including direct emissions in the cover crop period and the effects of incorporating these crops on gaseous emissions during the forthcoming rice (<i>Oryza Sativa</i> L.) growing period, to improve the development of winter fallow paddy field with covering crops and to assess rice cultivation patterns. The experiment included three treatments: Chinese milk vetch-rice (<i>Astragalus sinicus</i> L.) with cover crop residue returned (T1), ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i> L.)-rice with cover crop residue returned (T2), and rice with winter fallow (CK). Compared with CK, the two winter cover crop treatments significantly increased rice yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) by 6.9–14.5%, 0.8–2.1% and 3.4–5.4%, respectively. In all cases, the fluxes of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O could increase with the incorporation of N fertilizer application and cover crop residues. Short-term peaks of these two gas fluxes were monitored after all crop residues were incorporated in the soil preparation period, the early vegetative growth period and the midseason drainage period. The winter cover crop residue application greatly enhanced CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O cumulative emissions compared with CK (by 193.6–226.5% and 37.5–43.7%, respectively) during rice growing season and intercropping period. Meanwhile, the mean values of global warming potentials (GWPs) from paddy fields with different cropping crops were T2 > T1 > CK. Considering the advantages of crop productivity together with environmental safety and soil quality, Chinese milk vetch-rice with cover crop residue returned would be the most practicable and sustainable cultivation pattern for the mono-rice cropping systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/2/199winter cover cropCH<sub>4</sub>N<sub>2</sub>Opaddy soil |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jie Li Shuai Wang Yuanliang Shi Lili Zhang Zhijie Wu |
spellingShingle |
Jie Li Shuai Wang Yuanliang Shi Lili Zhang Zhijie Wu Do Fallow Season Cover Crops Increase N<sub>2</sub>O or CH<sub>4</sub> Emission from Paddy Soils in the Mono-Rice Cropping System? Agronomy winter cover crop CH<sub>4</sub> N<sub>2</sub>O paddy soil |
author_facet |
Jie Li Shuai Wang Yuanliang Shi Lili Zhang Zhijie Wu |
author_sort |
Jie Li |
title |
Do Fallow Season Cover Crops Increase N<sub>2</sub>O or CH<sub>4</sub> Emission from Paddy Soils in the Mono-Rice Cropping System? |
title_short |
Do Fallow Season Cover Crops Increase N<sub>2</sub>O or CH<sub>4</sub> Emission from Paddy Soils in the Mono-Rice Cropping System? |
title_full |
Do Fallow Season Cover Crops Increase N<sub>2</sub>O or CH<sub>4</sub> Emission from Paddy Soils in the Mono-Rice Cropping System? |
title_fullStr |
Do Fallow Season Cover Crops Increase N<sub>2</sub>O or CH<sub>4</sub> Emission from Paddy Soils in the Mono-Rice Cropping System? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Do Fallow Season Cover Crops Increase N<sub>2</sub>O or CH<sub>4</sub> Emission from Paddy Soils in the Mono-Rice Cropping System? |
title_sort |
do fallow season cover crops increase n<sub>2</sub>o or ch<sub>4</sub> emission from paddy soils in the mono-rice cropping system? |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Agronomy |
issn |
2073-4395 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
Cover crop management during the fallow season may play a relevant role in improving crop productivity and soil quality, by increasing nitrogen (N) and soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation, but has the possibility of increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the soil. A year-long consistency experiment was conducted to examine the effects of various winter covering crops on annual nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) together with methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions in the mono-rice planting system, including direct emissions in the cover crop period and the effects of incorporating these crops on gaseous emissions during the forthcoming rice (<i>Oryza Sativa</i> L.) growing period, to improve the development of winter fallow paddy field with covering crops and to assess rice cultivation patterns. The experiment included three treatments: Chinese milk vetch-rice (<i>Astragalus sinicus</i> L.) with cover crop residue returned (T1), ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i> L.)-rice with cover crop residue returned (T2), and rice with winter fallow (CK). Compared with CK, the two winter cover crop treatments significantly increased rice yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) by 6.9–14.5%, 0.8–2.1% and 3.4–5.4%, respectively. In all cases, the fluxes of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O could increase with the incorporation of N fertilizer application and cover crop residues. Short-term peaks of these two gas fluxes were monitored after all crop residues were incorporated in the soil preparation period, the early vegetative growth period and the midseason drainage period. The winter cover crop residue application greatly enhanced CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O cumulative emissions compared with CK (by 193.6–226.5% and 37.5–43.7%, respectively) during rice growing season and intercropping period. Meanwhile, the mean values of global warming potentials (GWPs) from paddy fields with different cropping crops were T2 > T1 > CK. Considering the advantages of crop productivity together with environmental safety and soil quality, Chinese milk vetch-rice with cover crop residue returned would be the most practicable and sustainable cultivation pattern for the mono-rice cropping systems. |
topic |
winter cover crop CH<sub>4</sub> N<sub>2</sub>O paddy soil |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/2/199 |
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