Neurocompensatory Effects of the Default Network in Older Adults
The hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults (HAROLD) is a neurocompensatory process that has been observed across several cognitive functions but has not yet been examined in relation to task-induced relative deactivations of the default mode network. The present study investigated the prese...
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doaj-e1b1aedc9b3e47d58a57009f6a4631b02020-11-25T01:59:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652019-06-011110.3389/fnagi.2019.00111388276Neurocompensatory Effects of the Default Network in Older AdultsBryant M. Duda0Max M. Owens1Emily S. Hallowell2Lawrence H. Sweet3Lawrence H. Sweet4Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesDepartment of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United StatesThe hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults (HAROLD) is a neurocompensatory process that has been observed across several cognitive functions but has not yet been examined in relation to task-induced relative deactivations of the default mode network. The present study investigated the presence of HAROLD effects specific to neural activations and deactivations using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) n-back paradigm. It was hypothesized that HAROLD effects would be identified in relative activations and deactivations during the paradigm, and that they would be associated with better 2-back performance. Forty-five older adults (M age = 63.8; range = 53–83) were administered a verbal n-back paradigm during fMRI. For each participant, the volume of brain response was summarized by left and right frontal regions of interest, and laterality indices (LI; i.e., left/right) were calculated to assess HAROLD effects. Group level results indicated that age was significantly and negatively correlated with LI (i.e., reduced left lateralization) for deactivations, but positively correlated with LI (i.e., increased left lateralization) for activations. The relationship between age and LI for deactivation was significantly moderated by performance level, revealing a stronger relationship between age and LI at higher levels of 2-back performance. Findings suggest that older adults may employ neurocompensatory processes specific to deactivations, and task-independent processes may be particularly sensitive to age-related neurocompensation.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00111/fullolder adultsneurocompensationfMRIdefault mode networkHAROLD |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bryant M. Duda Max M. Owens Emily S. Hallowell Lawrence H. Sweet Lawrence H. Sweet |
spellingShingle |
Bryant M. Duda Max M. Owens Emily S. Hallowell Lawrence H. Sweet Lawrence H. Sweet Neurocompensatory Effects of the Default Network in Older Adults Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience older adults neurocompensation fMRI default mode network HAROLD |
author_facet |
Bryant M. Duda Max M. Owens Emily S. Hallowell Lawrence H. Sweet Lawrence H. Sweet |
author_sort |
Bryant M. Duda |
title |
Neurocompensatory Effects of the Default Network in Older Adults |
title_short |
Neurocompensatory Effects of the Default Network in Older Adults |
title_full |
Neurocompensatory Effects of the Default Network in Older Adults |
title_fullStr |
Neurocompensatory Effects of the Default Network in Older Adults |
title_full_unstemmed |
Neurocompensatory Effects of the Default Network in Older Adults |
title_sort |
neurocompensatory effects of the default network in older adults |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
issn |
1663-4365 |
publishDate |
2019-06-01 |
description |
The hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults (HAROLD) is a neurocompensatory process that has been observed across several cognitive functions but has not yet been examined in relation to task-induced relative deactivations of the default mode network. The present study investigated the presence of HAROLD effects specific to neural activations and deactivations using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) n-back paradigm. It was hypothesized that HAROLD effects would be identified in relative activations and deactivations during the paradigm, and that they would be associated with better 2-back performance. Forty-five older adults (M age = 63.8; range = 53–83) were administered a verbal n-back paradigm during fMRI. For each participant, the volume of brain response was summarized by left and right frontal regions of interest, and laterality indices (LI; i.e., left/right) were calculated to assess HAROLD effects. Group level results indicated that age was significantly and negatively correlated with LI (i.e., reduced left lateralization) for deactivations, but positively correlated with LI (i.e., increased left lateralization) for activations. The relationship between age and LI for deactivation was significantly moderated by performance level, revealing a stronger relationship between age and LI at higher levels of 2-back performance. Findings suggest that older adults may employ neurocompensatory processes specific to deactivations, and task-independent processes may be particularly sensitive to age-related neurocompensation. |
topic |
older adults neurocompensation fMRI default mode network HAROLD |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00111/full |
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