Synthesis, Structural, Morphological and Thermal Characterization of Five Different Silica-Polyethylene Glycol-Chlorogenic Acid Hybrid Materials
The present study investigated the structure, morphology, thermal behavior, and bacterial growth analysis of novel three-component hybrid materials synthesized by the sol-gel method. The inorganic silica matrix was weakly bonded to the network of two organic components: a well-known polymer such as...
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doaj-e23f888c2df2442480d17857cf3ad7d82021-06-01T00:03:55ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-05-01131586158610.3390/polym13101586Synthesis, Structural, Morphological and Thermal Characterization of Five Different Silica-Polyethylene Glycol-Chlorogenic Acid Hybrid MaterialsMichelina Catauro0Pavel Šiler1Jiří Másilko2Roberta Risoluti3Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti4Department of Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, I-81031 Aversa, ItalyMaterials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, CZ-61200 Brno, Czech RepublicMaterials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, CZ-61200 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Building CU014, I-00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Basic and Applied Science for Engineering (S.B.A.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, Building RM017, I-00161 Rome, ItalyThe present study investigated the structure, morphology, thermal behavior, and bacterial growth analysis of novel three-component hybrid materials synthesized by the sol-gel method. The inorganic silica matrix was weakly bonded to the network of two organic components: a well-known polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG, average molar mass of about 4000 g/mol), and an antioxidant constituted by chlorogenic acid (CGA). In particular, a first series was made by a 50 wt% PEG-based (CGA-free) silica hybrid along with two 50 wt% PEG-based hybrids containing 10 and 20 wt% of CGA (denoted as SP50, SP50C10 and SP50C20, respectively). A second series contained a fixed amount of CGA (20 wt%) in silica-based hybrids: one was the PEG-free material (SC20) and the other two contained 12 and 50 wt% of PEG, respectively (SP12C20 and SP50C20, respectively), being the latter already included in the first series. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of freshly prepared materials confirmed that all the materials were amorphous and homogeneous regardless of the content of PEG or CGA. The thermogravimetric (TG) analysis revealed a higher water content was adsorbed into the two component hybrids (SP50 and SC20) because of the availability of a larger number of H-bonds to be formed with water with respect to those of silica/PEG/CGA (SPC), where silica matrix was involved in these bonds with both organic components. Conversely, the PEG-rich materials (SP50C10 and SP50C20, both with 50 wt% of the polymer) retained a lower content of water. Decomposition of PEG and CGA occurred in almost the same temperature interval regardless of the content of each organic component. The antibacterial properties of the SiO<sub>2</sub>/PEG/CGA hybrid materials were studied in pellets using either <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, respectively. Excellent antibacterial activity was found against both bacteria regardless of the amount of polymer in the hybrids.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/10/1586sol–gel methodsilica-based materialspolyethylene glycolsilica-PEG hybridschlorogenic acid |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Michelina Catauro Pavel Šiler Jiří Másilko Roberta Risoluti Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti |
spellingShingle |
Michelina Catauro Pavel Šiler Jiří Másilko Roberta Risoluti Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti Synthesis, Structural, Morphological and Thermal Characterization of Five Different Silica-Polyethylene Glycol-Chlorogenic Acid Hybrid Materials Polymers sol–gel method silica-based materials polyethylene glycol silica-PEG hybrids chlorogenic acid |
author_facet |
Michelina Catauro Pavel Šiler Jiří Másilko Roberta Risoluti Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti |
author_sort |
Michelina Catauro |
title |
Synthesis, Structural, Morphological and Thermal Characterization of Five Different Silica-Polyethylene Glycol-Chlorogenic Acid Hybrid Materials |
title_short |
Synthesis, Structural, Morphological and Thermal Characterization of Five Different Silica-Polyethylene Glycol-Chlorogenic Acid Hybrid Materials |
title_full |
Synthesis, Structural, Morphological and Thermal Characterization of Five Different Silica-Polyethylene Glycol-Chlorogenic Acid Hybrid Materials |
title_fullStr |
Synthesis, Structural, Morphological and Thermal Characterization of Five Different Silica-Polyethylene Glycol-Chlorogenic Acid Hybrid Materials |
title_full_unstemmed |
Synthesis, Structural, Morphological and Thermal Characterization of Five Different Silica-Polyethylene Glycol-Chlorogenic Acid Hybrid Materials |
title_sort |
synthesis, structural, morphological and thermal characterization of five different silica-polyethylene glycol-chlorogenic acid hybrid materials |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
The present study investigated the structure, morphology, thermal behavior, and bacterial growth analysis of novel three-component hybrid materials synthesized by the sol-gel method. The inorganic silica matrix was weakly bonded to the network of two organic components: a well-known polymer such as polyethylene glycol (PEG, average molar mass of about 4000 g/mol), and an antioxidant constituted by chlorogenic acid (CGA). In particular, a first series was made by a 50 wt% PEG-based (CGA-free) silica hybrid along with two 50 wt% PEG-based hybrids containing 10 and 20 wt% of CGA (denoted as SP50, SP50C10 and SP50C20, respectively). A second series contained a fixed amount of CGA (20 wt%) in silica-based hybrids: one was the PEG-free material (SC20) and the other two contained 12 and 50 wt% of PEG, respectively (SP12C20 and SP50C20, respectively), being the latter already included in the first series. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of freshly prepared materials confirmed that all the materials were amorphous and homogeneous regardless of the content of PEG or CGA. The thermogravimetric (TG) analysis revealed a higher water content was adsorbed into the two component hybrids (SP50 and SC20) because of the availability of a larger number of H-bonds to be formed with water with respect to those of silica/PEG/CGA (SPC), where silica matrix was involved in these bonds with both organic components. Conversely, the PEG-rich materials (SP50C10 and SP50C20, both with 50 wt% of the polymer) retained a lower content of water. Decomposition of PEG and CGA occurred in almost the same temperature interval regardless of the content of each organic component. The antibacterial properties of the SiO<sub>2</sub>/PEG/CGA hybrid materials were studied in pellets using either <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, respectively. Excellent antibacterial activity was found against both bacteria regardless of the amount of polymer in the hybrids. |
topic |
sol–gel method silica-based materials polyethylene glycol silica-PEG hybrids chlorogenic acid |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/10/1586 |
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