Early peripheral endothelial dysfunction predicts myocardial infarct extension and microvascular obstruction in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Introduction and Objectives: The role of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is poorly understood. Peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) allows non-invasive evaluation of ED, but has never been used for this purpose early after primary percutaneous...

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Main Authors: Sérgio Bravo Baptista, Mariana Faustino, Luís Brizida, José Loureiro, João Augusto, João Abecasis, Célia Monteiro, Paulo Leal, Maura Nédio, Pedro Farto e Abreu, Victor Gil, Carlos Morais
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2017-10-01
Series:Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition)
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S217420491730291X
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author Sérgio Bravo Baptista
Mariana Faustino
Luís Brizida
José Loureiro
João Augusto
João Abecasis
Célia Monteiro
Paulo Leal
Maura Nédio
Pedro Farto e Abreu
Victor Gil
Carlos Morais
spellingShingle Sérgio Bravo Baptista
Mariana Faustino
Luís Brizida
José Loureiro
João Augusto
João Abecasis
Célia Monteiro
Paulo Leal
Maura Nédio
Pedro Farto e Abreu
Victor Gil
Carlos Morais
Early peripheral endothelial dysfunction predicts myocardial infarct extension and microvascular obstruction in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition)
author_facet Sérgio Bravo Baptista
Mariana Faustino
Luís Brizida
José Loureiro
João Augusto
João Abecasis
Célia Monteiro
Paulo Leal
Maura Nédio
Pedro Farto e Abreu
Victor Gil
Carlos Morais
author_sort Sérgio Bravo Baptista
title Early peripheral endothelial dysfunction predicts myocardial infarct extension and microvascular obstruction in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
title_short Early peripheral endothelial dysfunction predicts myocardial infarct extension and microvascular obstruction in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
title_full Early peripheral endothelial dysfunction predicts myocardial infarct extension and microvascular obstruction in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
title_fullStr Early peripheral endothelial dysfunction predicts myocardial infarct extension and microvascular obstruction in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
title_full_unstemmed Early peripheral endothelial dysfunction predicts myocardial infarct extension and microvascular obstruction in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
title_sort early peripheral endothelial dysfunction predicts myocardial infarct extension and microvascular obstruction in patients with st-elevation myocardial infarction
publisher Elsevier
series Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition)
issn 2174-2049
publishDate 2017-10-01
description Introduction and Objectives: The role of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is poorly understood. Peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) allows non-invasive evaluation of ED, but has never been used for this purpose early after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI). Our purpose was to analyze the relation between ED assessed by PAT and both the presence of microvascular obstruction (MVO) and infarct extension in STEMI patients. Methods: ED was assessed by the reactive hyperemia index (RHI), measured by PAT and defined as RHI <1.67. Infarct extension was assessed by troponin I (TnI) release and contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (ceCMR). MVO was assessed by ceCMR and by indirect angiographic and ECG indicators. An echocardiogram was also performed in the first 12 h. Results: We included 38 patients (mean age 60.0±13.7 years, 29 male). Mean RHI was 1.87±0.60 and 16 patients (42.1%) had ED. Peak TnI (median 118 mg/dl, IQR 186 vs. 67/81, p=0.024) and AUC of TnI (median 2305, IQR 2486 vs. 1076/1042, p=0.012) were significantly higher in patients with ED, who also showed a trend for more transmural infarcts (63.6% vs. 22.2%, p=0.06) and larger infarct mass on ceCMR (median 17.5%, IQR 15.4 vs. 10.1/10.3, p=0.08). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower and wall motion score index (WMSI) was higher on both echocardiogram and ceCMR in patients with ED. On ceCMR, MVO was more frequent in patients with RHI <1.67 (54.5% vs. 11.1%, p=0.03). ECG and angiographic indicators of MVO all showed a trend toward worse results in these patients. Conclusions: The presence of ED assessed by PAT 24 h after P-PCI in patients with STEMI is associated with larger infarcts, lower LVEF, higher WMSI and higher prevalence of MVO. Resumo: Introdução e objetivos: O papel da disfunção endotelial (DE) em doentes com enfarte agudo do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST (EAMcST) é mal compreendido. A tonometria arterial periférica (TAP) permite avaliar de forma não invasiva a DE, mas nunca foi usada precocemente após intervenção coronária percutânea primária (ICP-P). O nosso objetivo foi avaliar a relação entre a DE avaliada por TAP, a presença de obstrução microvascular (OMV) e a extensão do enfarte (EE) em doentes com EAMcST. Métodos: A DE foi avaliada pelo índice de hiperemia reativa (IHR), obtido por TAP, sendo definida como um valor de IHR <1,67. A EE foi avaliada pela troponina I (TnI) e por ressonância magnética cardíaca com contraste (RMCc). A OMV foi avaliada por RMCc e por indicadores indiretos eletrocardiográficos e angiográficos. Foi ainda efetuado um ecocardiograma nas primeiras 12 horas. Resultados: Foram incluídos 38 doentes (idade média 60,0±13,7 anos, 29 homens). Os valores médios de IHR foram 1,87±0,60 e 16 doentes (42,1%) tinham DE. Os valores máximos (mediana 118/IIQ 186 versus 67/81, p=0,024) e a área sob a curva de TnI (mediana 2305/IIQ 2486 versus 1076/1042, p=0,012) foram significativamente superiores nos doentes com DE, que também mostraram uma tendência para mais enfartes transmurais (63,6 versus 22,2%, p=0,06) e maiores massas de enfarte na RMCc (mediana 17,5/IIQ 15,4 versus 10,1/10,3, p=0,08). Os doentes com DE mostraram valores de fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) significativamente menores e valores do índice de motilidade segmentar (IMS) significativamente maiores, por ecocardiografia e por RMCc. A presença de OMV na RMCc foi mais frequente nos doentes com DE (54,5 versus 11,1%, p=0,03). Conclusões: A presença de DE avaliada por TAP 24 horas após ICP-P, em doentes com EAMcST, associa-se a enfartes maiores, menor FEVE, maior IMS e maior prevalência de OMV. Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction, Primary PCI, Endothelial function, Peripheral arterial tonometry, Reactive hyperemia index, Palavras-chave: Enfarte agudo do miocárdio, Intervenção coronária percutânea primária, Função endotelial, Tonometria arterial periférica, Índice de hiperemia reativa
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S217420491730291X
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spelling doaj-e2712de424894ce399e308a462a9e1422020-11-25T02:03:09ZengElsevierRevista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition)2174-20492017-10-013610731742Early peripheral endothelial dysfunction predicts myocardial infarct extension and microvascular obstruction in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarctionSérgio Bravo Baptista0Mariana Faustino1Luís Brizida2José Loureiro3João Augusto4João Abecasis5Célia Monteiro6Paulo Leal7Maura Nédio8Pedro Farto e Abreu9Victor Gil10Carlos Morais11Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal; Corresponding author.Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, PortugalHospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, PortugalHospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, PortugalHospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, PortugalHospital dos Lusíadas, Lisboa, PortugalHospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, PortugalHospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, PortugalHospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, PortugalHospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, PortugalHospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal; Hospital dos Lusíadas, Lisboa, PortugalHospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, PortugalIntroduction and Objectives: The role of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is poorly understood. Peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) allows non-invasive evaluation of ED, but has never been used for this purpose early after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI). Our purpose was to analyze the relation between ED assessed by PAT and both the presence of microvascular obstruction (MVO) and infarct extension in STEMI patients. Methods: ED was assessed by the reactive hyperemia index (RHI), measured by PAT and defined as RHI <1.67. Infarct extension was assessed by troponin I (TnI) release and contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (ceCMR). MVO was assessed by ceCMR and by indirect angiographic and ECG indicators. An echocardiogram was also performed in the first 12 h. Results: We included 38 patients (mean age 60.0±13.7 years, 29 male). Mean RHI was 1.87±0.60 and 16 patients (42.1%) had ED. Peak TnI (median 118 mg/dl, IQR 186 vs. 67/81, p=0.024) and AUC of TnI (median 2305, IQR 2486 vs. 1076/1042, p=0.012) were significantly higher in patients with ED, who also showed a trend for more transmural infarcts (63.6% vs. 22.2%, p=0.06) and larger infarct mass on ceCMR (median 17.5%, IQR 15.4 vs. 10.1/10.3, p=0.08). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower and wall motion score index (WMSI) was higher on both echocardiogram and ceCMR in patients with ED. On ceCMR, MVO was more frequent in patients with RHI <1.67 (54.5% vs. 11.1%, p=0.03). ECG and angiographic indicators of MVO all showed a trend toward worse results in these patients. Conclusions: The presence of ED assessed by PAT 24 h after P-PCI in patients with STEMI is associated with larger infarcts, lower LVEF, higher WMSI and higher prevalence of MVO. Resumo: Introdução e objetivos: O papel da disfunção endotelial (DE) em doentes com enfarte agudo do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST (EAMcST) é mal compreendido. A tonometria arterial periférica (TAP) permite avaliar de forma não invasiva a DE, mas nunca foi usada precocemente após intervenção coronária percutânea primária (ICP-P). O nosso objetivo foi avaliar a relação entre a DE avaliada por TAP, a presença de obstrução microvascular (OMV) e a extensão do enfarte (EE) em doentes com EAMcST. Métodos: A DE foi avaliada pelo índice de hiperemia reativa (IHR), obtido por TAP, sendo definida como um valor de IHR <1,67. A EE foi avaliada pela troponina I (TnI) e por ressonância magnética cardíaca com contraste (RMCc). A OMV foi avaliada por RMCc e por indicadores indiretos eletrocardiográficos e angiográficos. Foi ainda efetuado um ecocardiograma nas primeiras 12 horas. Resultados: Foram incluídos 38 doentes (idade média 60,0±13,7 anos, 29 homens). Os valores médios de IHR foram 1,87±0,60 e 16 doentes (42,1%) tinham DE. Os valores máximos (mediana 118/IIQ 186 versus 67/81, p=0,024) e a área sob a curva de TnI (mediana 2305/IIQ 2486 versus 1076/1042, p=0,012) foram significativamente superiores nos doentes com DE, que também mostraram uma tendência para mais enfartes transmurais (63,6 versus 22,2%, p=0,06) e maiores massas de enfarte na RMCc (mediana 17,5/IIQ 15,4 versus 10,1/10,3, p=0,08). Os doentes com DE mostraram valores de fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) significativamente menores e valores do índice de motilidade segmentar (IMS) significativamente maiores, por ecocardiografia e por RMCc. A presença de OMV na RMCc foi mais frequente nos doentes com DE (54,5 versus 11,1%, p=0,03). Conclusões: A presença de DE avaliada por TAP 24 horas após ICP-P, em doentes com EAMcST, associa-se a enfartes maiores, menor FEVE, maior IMS e maior prevalência de OMV. Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction, Primary PCI, Endothelial function, Peripheral arterial tonometry, Reactive hyperemia index, Palavras-chave: Enfarte agudo do miocárdio, Intervenção coronária percutânea primária, Função endotelial, Tonometria arterial periférica, Índice de hiperemia reativahttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S217420491730291X