Time variations of the ionosphere at the northern tropical crest of ionization at Phu Thuy, Vietnam

• Main Authors: H. Pham Thi Thu, C. Amory-Mazaudier, M. Le Huy
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus Publications 2011-01-01
• Series: Annales Geophysicae
• Online Access: https://www.ann-geophys.net/29/197/2011/angeo-29-197-2011.pdf
• ISSN: 0992-7689; 1432-0576

This study is the first which gives the climatology of the ionosphere at the northern tropical crest of ionization in the Asian sector. We use the data from Phu Thuy station, in Vietnam, through three solar cycles (20, 21 and 22), showing the complete morphology of ionosphere parameters by analyzing long term variation, solar cycle variation and geomagnetic activity effects, seasonal evolution and diurnal development. Ionospheric critical frequencies, <I>fo</I>F2, <I>fo</I>F1 and <I>fo</I>E, evolve according to the 11-year sunspot cycle. Seasonal variations show that <I>fo</I>F2 exhibits a semiannual pattern with maxima at equinox, and winter and equinoctial anomalies depending on the phases of the sunspot solar cycle. Δ<I>fo</I>F2 exhibits a semiannual variation during the minimum phase of the sunspot solar cycle 20 and the increasing and decreasing phases of solar cycle 20, 21 and 22. Δ<I>fo</I>F1 exhibits an annual variation during the maximum phase of solar cycles 20, 21 and 22. &Delta;<I>h</I>'F2 shows a regular seasonal variation for the different solar cycles while &Delta;<I>h</I>'F1 exhibits a large magnitude dispersion from one sunspot cycle to another. The long term variations consist in an increase of 1.0 MHz for <I>fo</I>F2 and of 0.36 MHz for <I>fo</I>F1. <I>fo</I>E increases 0.53 MHz from solar cycle 20 to solar cycle 21 and then decreases −0.23 MHz during the decreasing phase of cycle 21. The diurnal variation of the critical frequency <I>fo</I>F2 shows minima at 05:00 LT and maxima around 14:00 LT. <I>fo</I>F1 and <I>fo</I>E have a maximum around noon. The diurnal variation of <I>h</I>'F2 exhibits a maximum around noon. The main features of <I>h</I>'F1 are a minimum near noon and the maximum near midnight. Other minima and maxima occur in the morning, at about 04:00 or 05:00 LT and in the afternoon, at about 18:00 or 19:00 LT but they are markedly smaller. Only during the maximum phase of all sunspot solar cycles the maximum near 19:00 LT is more pronounced.