Differential Behavior of Non-albicans Candida Species in the Central Nervous System of Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Mice
The genus Candida includes commensal fungi that can cause local and systemic infections, frequently involving vital organs as the central nervous system (CNS). Candida spp. occupy the fourth place among infections that affect the CNS. Although the incidence of Candida albicans is decreasing among pa...
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doaj-e2a4f79882ac47c99fbaca81112e4f972020-11-25T00:21:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2019-01-01910.3389/fmicb.2018.02968410562Differential Behavior of Non-albicans Candida Species in the Central Nervous System of Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed MiceMarcelo D’Alessandre Sanches0Luiza A. N. Mimura1Larissa R. C. Oliveira2Larissa L. W. Ishikawa3Hans G. Garces4Eduardo Bagagli5Alexandrina Sartori6Cilmery Suemi Kurokawa7Thais F. C. Fraga-Silva8Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, BrazilInstitute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, BrazilInstitute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, BrazilInstitute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, BrazilInstitute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, BrazilInstitute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, BrazilInstitute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, BrazilBotucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, BrazilBotucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, BrazilThe genus Candida includes commensal fungi that can cause local and systemic infections, frequently involving vital organs as the central nervous system (CNS). Candida spp. occupy the fourth place among infections that affect the CNS. Although the incidence of Candida albicans is decreasing among patients under immunosuppressive therapies, the incidence of non-albicans Candida is increasing. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the ability of non-albicans Candida species to spread to the CNS of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were treated with prednisolone, intravenously infected with Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis yeasts and then evaluated at the 3rd and 14th days after infection. All Candida species disseminated to the brain from immunocompetent animals and induced local inflammation at the third day post-infection. The immunosuppression resulted in body weight loss, leukopenia and reduced IL-2 production by spleen cell cultures. Higher fungal loads were recovered from the CNS of immunosuppressed mice. Inflammatory infiltration associated to a Th1 subset profile was higher in brain samples from C. krusei immunosuppressed mice compared with immunocompetent ones. Additionally, C. krusei was able to transform into pseudohypha inside microglia in vitro infected cells and also to induce elevated nitric oxide production. Altogether, these results indicate that C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis are able to disseminate to the CNS and promote local inflammation in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice. C. krusei displayed a distinct behavior at the CNS triggering a local Th1 profile. The possible contribution of these non-albicans Candida species to other CNS pathologies as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases deserves further attention.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02968/fullCandida spp.fungal infectionsprednisoloneneuroinflammationmicroglia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Marcelo D’Alessandre Sanches Luiza A. N. Mimura Larissa R. C. Oliveira Larissa L. W. Ishikawa Hans G. Garces Eduardo Bagagli Alexandrina Sartori Cilmery Suemi Kurokawa Thais F. C. Fraga-Silva |
spellingShingle |
Marcelo D’Alessandre Sanches Luiza A. N. Mimura Larissa R. C. Oliveira Larissa L. W. Ishikawa Hans G. Garces Eduardo Bagagli Alexandrina Sartori Cilmery Suemi Kurokawa Thais F. C. Fraga-Silva Differential Behavior of Non-albicans Candida Species in the Central Nervous System of Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Mice Frontiers in Microbiology Candida spp. fungal infections prednisolone neuroinflammation microglia |
author_facet |
Marcelo D’Alessandre Sanches Luiza A. N. Mimura Larissa R. C. Oliveira Larissa L. W. Ishikawa Hans G. Garces Eduardo Bagagli Alexandrina Sartori Cilmery Suemi Kurokawa Thais F. C. Fraga-Silva |
author_sort |
Marcelo D’Alessandre Sanches |
title |
Differential Behavior of Non-albicans Candida Species in the Central Nervous System of Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Mice |
title_short |
Differential Behavior of Non-albicans Candida Species in the Central Nervous System of Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Mice |
title_full |
Differential Behavior of Non-albicans Candida Species in the Central Nervous System of Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Mice |
title_fullStr |
Differential Behavior of Non-albicans Candida Species in the Central Nervous System of Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Mice |
title_full_unstemmed |
Differential Behavior of Non-albicans Candida Species in the Central Nervous System of Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Mice |
title_sort |
differential behavior of non-albicans candida species in the central nervous system of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
issn |
1664-302X |
publishDate |
2019-01-01 |
description |
The genus Candida includes commensal fungi that can cause local and systemic infections, frequently involving vital organs as the central nervous system (CNS). Candida spp. occupy the fourth place among infections that affect the CNS. Although the incidence of Candida albicans is decreasing among patients under immunosuppressive therapies, the incidence of non-albicans Candida is increasing. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the ability of non-albicans Candida species to spread to the CNS of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were treated with prednisolone, intravenously infected with Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis yeasts and then evaluated at the 3rd and 14th days after infection. All Candida species disseminated to the brain from immunocompetent animals and induced local inflammation at the third day post-infection. The immunosuppression resulted in body weight loss, leukopenia and reduced IL-2 production by spleen cell cultures. Higher fungal loads were recovered from the CNS of immunosuppressed mice. Inflammatory infiltration associated to a Th1 subset profile was higher in brain samples from C. krusei immunosuppressed mice compared with immunocompetent ones. Additionally, C. krusei was able to transform into pseudohypha inside microglia in vitro infected cells and also to induce elevated nitric oxide production. Altogether, these results indicate that C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis are able to disseminate to the CNS and promote local inflammation in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed mice. C. krusei displayed a distinct behavior at the CNS triggering a local Th1 profile. The possible contribution of these non-albicans Candida species to other CNS pathologies as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases deserves further attention. |
topic |
Candida spp. fungal infections prednisolone neuroinflammation microglia |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02968/full |
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