Role of glia in stress-induced enhancement and impairment of memory
Both acute and chronic stress profoundly affects hippocampally-dependent learning and memory: moderate stress generally enhances, while chronic or extreme stress can impair, neural and cognitive processes. Within the brain, stress elevates both norepinephrine and glucocorticoids, and both affect se...
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doaj-e2e9755dd8c7480193205a3f7c17fe432020-11-24T23:26:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience1662-51452016-01-01910.3389/fnint.2015.00063172557Role of glia in stress-induced enhancement and impairment of memoryJiah ePearson-Leary0Danielle Maria Osborne1Ewan eMcnay2Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaLegacy Research InstituteUniversity at AlbanyBoth acute and chronic stress profoundly affects hippocampally-dependent learning and memory: moderate stress generally enhances, while chronic or extreme stress can impair, neural and cognitive processes. Within the brain, stress elevates both norepinephrine and glucocorticoids, and both affect several genomic and signaling cascades responsible for modulating memory strength. Memories formed at times of stress can be extremely strong, yet stress can also impair memory to the point of amnesia. Often overlooked in consideration of the impact of stress on cognitive processes, and specifically memory, is the important contribution of glia as a target for stress-induced changes. Astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes all have unique contributions to learning and memory. Furthermore, these three types of glia express receptors for both norepinephrine and glucocorticoids and are hence immediate targets of stress hormone actions. It is becoming increasingly clear that inflammatory cytokines and immunomodulatory molecules released by glia during stress may promote many of the behavioral effects of acute and chronic stress. In this review, the role of traditional genomic and rapid hormonal mechanisms working in concert with glia to affect stress-induced learning and memory will be emphasized.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnint.2015.00063/fullGlucocorticoidsHippocampusMemoryNorepinephrinestressglia |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jiah ePearson-Leary Danielle Maria Osborne Ewan eMcnay |
spellingShingle |
Jiah ePearson-Leary Danielle Maria Osborne Ewan eMcnay Role of glia in stress-induced enhancement and impairment of memory Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience Glucocorticoids Hippocampus Memory Norepinephrine stress glia |
author_facet |
Jiah ePearson-Leary Danielle Maria Osborne Ewan eMcnay |
author_sort |
Jiah ePearson-Leary |
title |
Role of glia in stress-induced enhancement and impairment of memory |
title_short |
Role of glia in stress-induced enhancement and impairment of memory |
title_full |
Role of glia in stress-induced enhancement and impairment of memory |
title_fullStr |
Role of glia in stress-induced enhancement and impairment of memory |
title_full_unstemmed |
Role of glia in stress-induced enhancement and impairment of memory |
title_sort |
role of glia in stress-induced enhancement and impairment of memory |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience |
issn |
1662-5145 |
publishDate |
2016-01-01 |
description |
Both acute and chronic stress profoundly affects hippocampally-dependent learning and memory: moderate stress generally enhances, while chronic or extreme stress can impair, neural and cognitive processes. Within the brain, stress elevates both norepinephrine and glucocorticoids, and both affect several genomic and signaling cascades responsible for modulating memory strength. Memories formed at times of stress can be extremely strong, yet stress can also impair memory to the point of amnesia. Often overlooked in consideration of the impact of stress on cognitive processes, and specifically memory, is the important contribution of glia as a target for stress-induced changes. Astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes all have unique contributions to learning and memory. Furthermore, these three types of glia express receptors for both norepinephrine and glucocorticoids and are hence immediate targets of stress hormone actions. It is becoming increasingly clear that inflammatory cytokines and immunomodulatory molecules released by glia during stress may promote many of the behavioral effects of acute and chronic stress. In this review, the role of traditional genomic and rapid hormonal mechanisms working in concert with glia to affect stress-induced learning and memory will be emphasized. |
topic |
Glucocorticoids Hippocampus Memory Norepinephrine stress glia |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnint.2015.00063/full |
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